Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2020-07-31
Abstract: Pre-attentive processing refers to the early and automatic cognitive processes which are independent of consciousness and do not demand attention. Auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is the most commonly used indicator of pre-attentive processing. MMN deficits have been found in a various of mental disorders, but little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms of MMN deficits. Combined with highly developed neurobiological and pharmacological techniques, animal models can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of MMN. Future animal studies of MMN should give more thoughts to the biological characteristics of different species and compare MMN across species in combination with human and animal research advantages. Hopefully, this comparative approach will lead to a better understanding of pre-attentive processing at both the macro and the micro levels.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-07-31
Abstract: Studying basic psychological needs in a unidimensional way supplements the general framework of need satisfaction research by exploring the uniqueness of each need satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, or competence satisfaction). This article reviews the theoretical basis of the psychological mechanisms (the intrinsic motivation and the internalization of extrinsic motivation) and the research status quo of the need satisfaction successively from three unidimensional perspectives, i.e., the additive, synergistic and balanced perspectives. Notably, inspired by the three perspectives, the article provides insights for the “limited interchangeability” of each need satisfaction’s influence on individuals’ psychological functioning. Future studies may keep digging the need satisfactions from the three unidimensional perspectives, and explore the compensatory association among the three need satisfactions, the neurological basis of each need satisfaction, and the basic psychological need frustrations in a unidimensional way.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Energy Science >> Energy Science (General) submitted time 2020-07-31
Abstract: " Geothermal energy plays a key role in helping promote the clean space heating in North China and National energy structure optimization. The sustainable geothermal energy utilization needs the numerical simulation to solve the issues on geothermal resources assessment, strategy optimization and etc., which attracts more and more attention. However, there are no numerical simulation software specializing on geothermal energy exploitation and utilization. As a result, the geothermal managers have to use the numerical software in other fields (Oil, Hydrology and Thermal Engineering etc.). What’s more, the existing software is always hard to operate. Here in this paper, we develop a new software named “Geothermal kits”, which is developed by coupling the geothermal optimal algorithm and open-source numerical simulation software. The ‘Geothemral kits’ software has very friend interface, which could be done by one click. Therefore, it could be easily mastered by the geothermal scientists, managers and engineers with different professional background. The ‘Geothemral kits’ will help solving the problems related to numerical simulation and serve for the sustainable geothermal energy utilization."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-07-30
Abstract: "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2020-07-29
Abstract: "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Other Disciplines of Computer Science Subjects: Information Science and Systems Science >> Other Disciplines of Information Science and Systems Science submitted time 2020-07-29
Abstract: 目前诸多模式识别任务的识别精度获得不断提升,在一些任务上甚至超越了人的水平。单从识别精度的角度来看,模式识别似乎已经是一个被解决了的问题。然而,高精度的模式识别系统在实际应用中依旧会出现不稳定和不可靠的现象。因此,开放环境下的鲁棒性成为制约模式识别技术发展的新瓶颈。实际上,在大部分模式识别模型和算法背后蕴含着三个基础假设:封闭世界假设、独立同分布假设、以及大数据假设。这三个假设直接或间接影响了模式识别系统的鲁棒性,并且是造成机器智能和人类智能之间差异的主要原因。本文简要论述如何通过打破三个基础假设来提升模式识别系统的鲁棒性。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-07-29 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract: 双星星族光谱拟合的实质是在双星星族理论光谱库对应的参数空间进行搜索,通过最小二乘法找到与被拟合观测光谱最相近的理论光谱。快速、准确的拟合是有效利用星族合成方法处理海量星系光谱的难点和关键。为了提高双星星族光谱拟合的速度,针对双星星族光谱拟合计算量巨大、拟合效率不高等问题,本文在双星星族光谱拟合的优化模型基础上,采用策略改进的遗传算法对模型进行求解,并与BS2fit算法和传统遗传算法进行比较。实验表明,通过改进策略的遗传算法对双星星族光谱拟合的速度平均可提高43.5%,一定程度上推动了演化星族合成方法在天文研究中的应用。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-07-28 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract:一些窄线赛弗特1型星系被发现具有GeV伽马射线辐射(伽马噪)而受到持续关注。 截至目前, 文献共报道22个伽马噪窄线赛弗特1型星系, 另有3个高置信度候选体。利用广域红外巡天探测器(Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer,WISE)数据平台,获取了这些源W1(3.4 μm)和W2(4.6 μm)两个红外波段的同时性测光数据(2010年1月至2019年12月)。采用参数V和标准额外方差 方法,分析了它们的长期光变现象。结果表明24个源表现出长期亮度(W1星等)变化,17个源表现出长期颜色(W1-W2)变化。通过研究颜色与星等的相关性,发现7个源表现出变亮变红现象(redder-when-brighter, RWB), 4个源表现出变亮变蓝现象(bluer-when-brighter,BWB)。最后简要讨论了颜色变化的可能解释和暗示。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-07-28 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract:即将用于新疆奇台射电望远镜的促动器需在-40~60°C温度范围内满足±15μm的精度要求。由于在无任何补偿的情况下,热误差可以达到约400μm。因此需要建立热误差模型,以预测促动器位移随温度的变化规律,并在此基础上进行位移主动控制补偿,从而保证促动器在给定温度下均能满足定位精度要求。首先结合模型基本要求与显著性检验,从促动器上的16个温度测量点中优选出一个最适合模型建立的点;然后采用灰色预测理论建立了促动器的热误差模型;最后根据实际情况对该模型进行修正。研究表明:本文创新的采用了统计学与工程实践相结合的方式选取测温点,建立的热误差模型可以指导促动器的位移主动控制补偿,从而使促动器在要求的-40~60°C温度范围内达到±4μm的定位精度。
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2020-07-28
Abstract: "
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-07-27
Abstract: " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-07-24 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract:初步建立了嫦娥四号中继星的Halo数值轨道模型,将其应用于空间低频射电天文观测的干涉测量仿真,以地月拉格朗日平动点L2区域的Halo轨道为基础,以发布的嫦娥四号中继星理论轨道为参考,校准和调整模型参数,通过时间和空间参考系统的变换,把轨道数据转换到L2点旋转坐标系。然后,对比Halo轨道模型与理论轨道数据之间的差别,对比模拟和理论数据分别与月面设备形成基线的长度,并对结果进行分析。两者在所分析的运行阶段中,与月面设备联成基线的长度差在60km之内,在HF频带基本满足干涉测量条纹搜索对基线初值精度的需求。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-07-24 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract:随着激光测量技术的不断发展,有着“测量机器人”美誉的全站仪,在测量精度、灵活机动、快速便捷等方面,有着其它测量技术不可比拟的优势。全站仪作为“天眼”中主要的测量设备,在现场室外大尺度环境下,如何克服大气折射的影响,了解全站仪动态测量性能,实现高精密的快速扫描测量和高精度的动态跟踪测量,是其中的关键和难点所在。要克服测量过程中不确定因素影响,需了解其影响程度。本文内容包括介绍研发的“风琴式护罩运动平台”、实验过程和数据分析方法。评价全站仪在现场环境下的测量精度和实时性,通过实验测试得到全站仪的时滞在195-295ms 之间,测量精度约为5.3mm。此结论为后续误差修正提供依据。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2020-07-21
Abstract: Recently studies in selected tumors suggested that BRAF mutation may associates with survival benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. To broadly investigate this association at a pan-cancer level, we analyzed two independent ICI treatment cohorts (MSKCC: n = 1630, and Dana-Farber: n = 249). BRAF-mutant patients exhibit better overall survival in the MSKCC cohort (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.72; P <.001) and the result is validated by the Dana-Farber cohort (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46-0.99; P = .045). A multivariate analysis adjusting tumor mutational burden, mismatch repair status, cancer type, age and sex confirmed the results (adjusted HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.43-0.78; P < .001). Immunogenomic features analysis of TCGA dataset indicated that patients may respond to immunotherapy in various mechanisms. This finding substantially improve the therapeutic prospects for a sizeable fraction of patients who benefit from immunotherapy."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-07-21
Abstract: Creative thinking, which refers to the process by which individuals produce a unique, valuable product based on existing knowledge, experience, and multi-perspective thinking activities, is the cornerstone of human civilization and social progress. As an important part of the creative field, scientific inventions in particular require individuals to break the existing state and build new things in the process of creating them. Therefore, the use of real-life examples of scientific inventions to explore the cognitive neural mechanism of creative thinking has become a focus of recent research. There have been many studies of creative problem solving, especially regarding its neural mechanisms. However, less attention has been paid to the issue of problem finding. Hence, the present study employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and scientific invention problem-finding materials to identify the neural substrates of the process of scientific innovation problem finding. In the present study, nine scientific innovation problem situations were selected as materials. Each problem consisted of three parts: (paradoxical) problem situation, (misleading) old problem, and heuristic prototype. The modified learning-testing paradigm was used to explore the brain mechanisms of problem finding. Participants were asked to find a new problem based on the given problem situation and old problem in the testing phase after learning all the heuristic prototypes in the learning phase. A total of 104 undergraduates (mean age = 19.26±0.99) were enrolled in the final experiment. The rs-fMRI data were acquired using an echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence from a 3-T Siemens Magnetom Trio scanner (Siemens Medical, Erlangen, Germany) at the MRI center of Southwest University. We used both the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to measure the local properties of rs-fMRI signals, and then investigated the relationship between ALFF/RSFC and individual differences in scientific problem finding. After controlling for age and sex, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that individuals with a high rate of useful problems had higher spontaneous brain activity in the left medial prefrontal cortex (L-mPFC) and cerebellum. Functional connectivity analysis further found a significant positive correlation between the rate of useful problems and the mPFC-Cuneus functional connectivity. Based on these results, we infer that: (1) the mPFC plays an important role in the process of scientific innovation problem finding. It might be responsive to two aspects: one involved in breaking the thinking set and forming novel association and another associated with the extraction and processing of working memory. (2) The cerebellum and the cuneus might be separately involved in the inter-semantic allocation of attentional resources and divulging. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-07-21 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract:耀变体的亮温度与其黑洞喷流能量和吸积率有重要联系。本文搜集和计算了53个耀变体源样本,包括22个BL Lac天体和31个平谱射电类星体(FSRQs)。研究了该样本耀变体亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的分布,并对其子类中亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的相关性进行了讨论。研究结果表明:(1)BL Lac与FSRQs的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量的分布存在明显差异,这可能与BL Lac与FSRQs的内禀性质的区别有关,也可能与其有无发射线及发射线的强弱有关;(2)BL Lac天体的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量之间的相关性较强,亮温度可以在一定程度上描述BL Lac天体的黑洞喷流能量,亮温度大的BL Lac天体的喷流所携带的能量也较大;(3)FSRQs的亮温度与黑洞喷流能量之间有弱相关性,FSRQs的亮温度不能清楚的描述黑洞喷流能量,其黑洞喷流能量受亮温度影响较小。FSRQs的黑洞喷流能量可能受到其他因素的影响。(4)耀变体的亮温度与黑洞吸积率之间有弱的相关性.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-07-21 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract: 自动气象监测系统是现代天文观测台站必备的辅助系统之一,传统自动气象系统是基于微控制器或PC开发的。微控制器多用于工业控制,无法满足多任务和批量数据的快速处理;PC由于高功耗、高成本及低可移动性无法在野外如选择台址时使用。为了克服上述两种开发方式的缺点,本文采用基于ARM架构的嵌入式系统为抚仙湖NVST开发一套低功耗、低成本、高稳定性的自动气象监测系统。本文介绍了NVST气象站的整体设计,软硬件功能以及调试中遇到的问题及解决方法。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-07-21 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract: 光度观测是地基观测空间目标的主要观测手段之一,利用空间目标的光度信息能够估计空间目标的相关特征信息。为了更好地了解空间目标旋转状态,选取具有代表性的猎鹰九号火箭末级作为研究对象,由其光变信息研究旋转状态。首先利用云南天文台1.2米光学望远镜获取猎鹰九号火箭末级的光度数据,再对目标星等进行斜距归一化,得到目标光变信息并分析目标星等随时间变化的光变曲线,估计其大致的旋转周期,再由相位离散最小化方法计算出会合周期。根据太阳、目标和测站之间的位置关系、惯性主轴指向、旋转轴指向、初始相位等因素,采用姿态旋转矩阵来计算理论星等,利用最小二乘原则确定惯性主轴方向及初相角度、旋转轴指向。最后给出了猎鹰九号火箭末级的旋转周期,会合周期以及旋转轴指向等参数,为后续开展其他空间目标光度信息研究提供参考。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2020-07-20
Abstract: "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-07-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract:以锡林河流域内及周边13个国家气象站逐日气象观测数据为基础,采用标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),借助Mann-Kendall与Mann Whitney Pettitt突变检验、非参数统计检验以及重标极差R/S分析法,深入剖析锡林河地区多年干旱演变趋势及未来干旱预测。结果表明;锡林河地区干旱突变开始于20世纪90年代;近60 a来,SPEI表现出显著减小趋势,上游减小趋势较中下游段小,中下游段为旱情多发带,下游西北端是干旱存在的危险区域。在未来,流域旱情将有所缓解,但冬季旱情有持续加重的可能,应加强干旱监测。