Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2019-07-31
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： CCD（Charge Coupled Device）图像中的宇宙线是来自于外太空的高能粒子，它穿过大气层，与大气层的粒子发生相互作用形成次级粒子，最后落在CCD上。μ子是大气层宇宙线的主要成分，为了研究这些μ子的性质和变化规律，首先需要对图像中的μ子进行甄选。本文介绍一种快速有效地从CCD图像中甄选μ子的方法。采用拉普拉斯边缘检测法从CCD图像中提取宇宙线候选像素列表，去除其中的坏像素和噪声，然后使用凝聚层次聚类算法将宇宙线像素聚类成宇宙线事件，对宇宙线事件进行特征提取和分类，从中甄选宇宙线μ子。最后对甄选结果进行总结分析。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 激光导引星波前倾斜测量问题是限制自适应光学技术在天文领域广泛应用的关键问题之一。测量并改正激光上行到达角起伏是解决这一问题的有效方法。提出一种基于统计平均算法而不依赖自然导引星和辅助望远镜的测量方法，可以有效地测量出激光上行到达角起伏。利用具有子孔径阵列的哈特曼波前传感器对激光信标进行探测，选择部分子孔径进行倾斜量的统计平均以获得激光上行到达角起伏。仿真了统计平均算法的误差随子孔径数量的变化关系。结果表明，最小算法误差相对于望远镜全口径倾斜误差的下降比例与大气Fried常数无关，而与望远镜口径有关。望远镜口径越大，算法误差相对于全口径倾斜误差下降越多。当望远镜口径为10m时，最小算法误差下降为望远镜全口径倾斜误差的33%。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：经过十余年的不断建设和发展，中国虚拟天文台（China-VO）已成为支撑天文学观测、研究、教学的重要技术和资源平台。随着多信使天文学和时域天文学时代的到来，虚拟天文台也需要升级自身的核心能力，以给天文工作者提供更精准的服务和技术支撑。为此，中国虚拟天文台团队结合天文学的发展方向和信息技术发展趋势梳理了一份核心技术需求清单，并以问卷的形式针对领域内专家和用户开展了调研。通过对调研结果的统计和分析，中国虚拟天文台明确了未来一段时期的主要努力方向和目标，计划采用平台化的开发模式，并开放第三方开发接口，以吸引更多感兴趣的开发者基于虚拟天文台资源做出实用的工具，更好地实现资源与技术向服务的快速转换。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：北斗卫星导航系统是我国的重要基础设施建设项目之一。随着北斗三号系统建设进入收尾阶段，对于当前的北斗卫星导航系统的阶段性的导航性能状况，许多导航用户依然十分关注。文中就是针对截至2019年5月份已经在轨运行的北斗导航星座，利用卫星工具包软件STK开展了北斗导航星座现状仿真分析与定量计算。文中选取了国内有地理位置代表性的测站作为考察对象，给出了这些区域的北斗导航性能的仿真结果，同时还以700km高度的低地球轨道太阳同步卫星LEO所在区域为考察对象，给出了高动态移动用户情况下北斗导航性能的仿真结果。仿真结果表明：在中国境内区域，当前北斗系统已经可以提供优于10米的定位服务，具备为国家安全活动保障提供高精度的位置信息服务能力；当前北斗导航系统可以满足空间科学先导专项飞行器对导航位置的精度需求；本文仿真结果可供北斗导航系统开展全面测试提供数据参考。
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2019-07-30
Abstract： As a qualitative method, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) has been increasingly employed in psychology and other social sciences disciplines. In China, the quality of research using IPA was doubtful, and thus a systematic review of the current studies was warranted. Through a comprehensive search in Chinese and English database and screening, 49 articles were included. According to Smith’s criterion, 26 studies explicitly referred to IPA theoretical principles; 33 studies had clear and transparent data collection and analysis process. Most of the studies (n = 40) were coherent and plausible, however, only a small proportion of the studies (n = 13) provided strong evidence to support the themes. In the forty-nine included studies, only 4 articles were rated as “good”, 11 articles were “acceptable”, and the remaining 34 articles were “unacceptable”. Based on previous research and recommendations, this study attempted to present a guideline to conduct and write a good IPA study."
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-07-29
Abstract： "
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2019-07-22
Abstract： For decades, there is increasing evidence for the importance of single-gene by environment interactions (G × E) in understanding the etiology of depression. However, several concerns have been raised about the ignoring the polygenic traits of depression when conducting G × E research using single loci. Within this context, the multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) have recently emerged as an approach of capturing polygenic nature across multiple genes. In line with the monoamine deficiency hypothesis, recent research has begun to show that the combined effects of multiple dopaminergic genetic variants are stronger than the influence of any single gene examined in isolation. Additionally, genes related to the functioning of the dopaminergic system, which coordinates individual’s response to stress. However, existing G × E research has largely focused on adverse family environments (i.e., maltreatment, maternal unresponsiveness) and to a lesser extent on positive environment, such as positive parenting. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the interaction between dopaminergic genetic variants and maternal parenting on adolescent depressive symptoms, by adopting the approach of multilocus genetic profile score. Participants were 1052 mother–offspring (adolescents mean age 12.31 ± 0.37 years old at the first time point, 50.2% females) dyads recruited from the community. Youth completed assessments twice with an interval of one year. Saliva samples, self-reported depressive symptoms and mother-reported parenting were collected. All measures showed good reliability. Genotyping in three dopaminergic genes were performed for each participant in real time with MassARRAY RT software version 3.0.0.4 and analyzed using the MassARRAY Typer software version 3.4 (Sequenom). To examine whether multilocus genetic profile score moderates the effects of parenting on adolescent depressive symptoms and whether this potential moderating effect act in a diathesis–stress or differential susceptibility manner, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. We also tested above questions by recoding into categorical variables and re-conducted analyses. The results found that multilocus genetic profile score was a significant risk factor of depression, with higher dopamine genetic risk scores (indicating lower dopaminergic neurotransmission) predicting higher levels of depression. After controlling for gender and prior depressive symptoms, the G × E effect with positive and negative parenting were also significant, suggesting that G × E interaction significantly predicted change in depression level between Time 1 and Time 2. Specifically, adolescents with higher MGPS exhibited higher risk for depression when encountered with lower levels of positive parenting and higher levels of negative parenting, compared to their counterparts with lower MGPS. The results support the diathesis-stress model and highlight the complex ways that genes and environment interact to influence development. These finding underscores complex polygenic underpinnings of depression and lends support for the mulitlocus genetic profile scores–environment interactions implicated in the etiology of depressive symptoms.
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2019-07-22
Abstract： Physical attractiveness plays an important role in the formation and development of intimate relationships. Since individuals with higher ratings of physical attractiveness are perceived as having more socially desirable traits and better genes, they are regarded as having a higher mate value that can facilitate the establishment of intimate relationships. However, because of the dissimilarity in physical attractiveness, the less attractive partner tends to employ a range of mate retention, jealous, insulting, and sexual coercion behaviors. These behaviors contribute to an acceleration of the breakup of intimate relationships. Other studies have suggested that attractive men have a higher probability of not possessing good genes, which would be favorable to intimate relationships and women do not show a stronger preference for attractive men when in the hormonal states associated with high fertility. The viewpoint of “what is beautiful is good” is currently being questioned, the findings of which have been controversial and divergent. As a result, the relevant direct evidence needs to be further consolidated.
Subjects: Mathematics >> Statistics and Probability submitted time 2019-07-21
Abstract： " Based on the point of view of neuroethology and cognition-psychology, general frame of theory for intelligent systems is presented by means of principle of relative entropy minimizing in this paper. Cream of the general frame of theory is to present and to prove basic principle of intelligent systems: entropy increases or decreases together with intelligence in the intelligent systems. The basic principle is of momentous theoretical significance and practical significance .From the basic principle can not only derive two kind of learning algorithms (statistical simulating annealing algorithms and annealing algorithms of mean-field theory approximation) for training large kinds of stochastic neural networks,but also can thoroughly dispel misgivings created by second law of thermodynamics on 'peoplespsychology ,hence make one be fully confident of facing life.Because of Human society, natural world, and even universe all are intelligent systems. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-07-20
Abstract： A wealth of research shows that positive and negative reinforcement critically influence behavior. While it is well established that rewards and penalties can strongly influence mechanisms of executive control, it is unclear whether these two factors exert symmetric or qualitatively distinct behavioral effects. In the current research, we conducted two eye-movement experiments to investigate the influence of monetary reward or punishment on attentional control. We employed these cues in pro/Anti-saccade tasks in Experiment 1 and Go/No-go tasks in Experiment 2. Crucially, we investigated how either a reward (also referred to as “gain”) or penalty (also referred to as “loss”)influenced inhibitory control in the following trial. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to produce simple pro-saccades or more difficult anti-saccades, in conditions in which they received a reward for correct responses or a punishment for incorrect responses or either a reward or punishment. The results showed that, while the accuracy of the pro-saccades was facilitated by reward, the accuracy of the anti-saccades was facilitated by punishment. And the velocity of pro-saccades and anti-saccades were significantly improved by both reward and punishment. In Experiment 2, we further adopted the Go/No-go tasks to explore how reward and punishment affect attentional control via exogenous parafoveal visual cues. This showed essentially the same pattern of effects as Experiment 1. For the Go task, saccade latency significantly decreased when rewards were given relative to punishment or no motivation conditions. And for the No-go task, accuracy increased more in the punishment condition compared to the reward or no motivation conditions. An increase in saccade velocity was observed in the no motivation condition, similarly to in Experiment 1. In sum, the overall results suggest that both reward and punishment can facilitate the oculomotor control, although the findings reveal a striking asymmetry in the effects of the reward and punishment on behavior. Specifically, positive reinforcement appears to improve approach behaviors, while punishment influences inhibitory behavior. These findings suggest that the two forms of reinforcement are distinct in their influence on behavior.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2019-07-18
Abstract： Researchers paid more attention to the role of leadership negative behavior. Recently, researchers have begun to concern the effect of leaders’ emotions on employees in organizations. In the organization, employees are highly dependent on leaders and are more susceptible to leaders’ emotions. Emotion As Social Information (EASI) describes interpersonal effects of emotions on behavior in the interpersonal interactions. Emotional expressions affect observers’ behavior by triggering their inferential processes and/or affective reactions. The predictive strength of these two processes depends on observer’s information processing and social-relational factors. Based on this, we proposed that leader’s negative emotional displays triggers employees’ negative emotional experiences and reduce their work engagement. Motivational orientation theory states that employees process positive or negative stimuli that closely related to their jobs. Thereby these stimuli triggers employees’ goal orientation including of mastery goal orientation, performance-avoid goal orientation, performance-prove goal orientation. Based on this, we proposed that leader’s negative emotional displays have negative impacts on employee’s mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation, a positive impact on employee’s avoid goal orientation. Based on previous studies, we proposed that employee's goal orientation further predicts his or her work engagement. In summary, we proposed that goal orientation mediate the relationship between leader’s negative emotional displays and employee’s work engagement. Leader’s negative emotional displays, employee’s goal orientation and work engagement have state-like properties, varying in different environment. Thus, this study used Empirical Sampling Method (ESM) to explore the relationships between them. Within 5 work days, employees evaluated their leader’s negative emotional displays and goal orientation of themselves at 10:30 am; at 16:00, and the leaders evaluated their employee's work engagement. At last, we got 496 matching questionnaires of 109 employees and 24 leaders. The survey started from Monday to Friday, all the leaders distributed the numbered paper questionnaire to the employees, and the researchers collected it back after half an hour. They checked them and exclude the unqualified questionnaire which chose totally same options. We examined leader’s negative emotional displays and goal orientation at both interindividual(between-person level) and intraindividual (within-person) levels. To find the relationships between leader’s negative emotional displays, goal orientation and work engagement at between –person level and within-person level. This study reached the following conclusions: At within-person level, (1) Leader’s negative emotional displays in the morning have significant negative effects on employee’s mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation, while it has significant positive effect on performance-avoid goal orientation. And mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation have significant positive effects on employees’ work engagement, while performance-avoid goal orientation has a significant positive effect on it. Moreover, mastery goal orientation, performance-avoid goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation play mediating roles between leader’s negative emotional displays and employees’ work engagement. At between-person level，(2) Leader’s negative emotional displays have significant negative effects on mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation, while it has a significant positive effect on performance avoid orientation in the afternoon. And mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation have significant positive effects on employees’ work engagement, while performance-avoid goal orientation hasn’t a significant positive effect on it.. Moreover mastery goal orientation and performance-prove goal orientation play mediating roles between leader’s negative emotional displays and employee engagement. The result showed that the relationships “leader’s negative emotional displays – avoid goal orientation – work engagement” at the between-person level differ significantly from the respective relationships at the within person level. This suggested that processes are emergent. Through collecting day-level data by empirical sampling method and using multi-layer model, this study found that: First, the “emergence” effect or environmental effect. The relationship of state performance-avoid goal orientation emerged only at the within-person level of analysis. Second, leader’s negative emotional displays is an independent concept rather than a clue embedded in some kind of leader’s behavior in this study. We get more comprehensive understanding of the impact of leader’s negative emotional displays on employees’ goal motivation and work engagement. Through goal orientation, leader negative still plays affect on employees’ work engagement. Third, this study showed the impact of leadership emotions on employees from an interactive perspective. These results of this study have important management implications for managerial settings. They call our attention to improve the awareness of leader’s negative emotion management. When leaders interact with employees, leaders need to be aware that their emotions have a significant impact on employees’ goal orientation and work engagement especially when they want to decrease the performance-avoid goal orientation in the daily work. " "
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2019-07-17
Abstract： " Workplace civilized behavior is a proactive behavior that conveys courtesy and respect based on social and organizational role obligations. This behavior depends on organizational culture. In recent years, with the influence of positive psychology on organizational behavior research, the value of workplace civility has attracted the attention of scholars, and there has been discussion about its implication and nature. Because workplace civility is inwardly demanding of self-control and outward-oriented behavior of conveying respect, it has positive significance for the shaping of individuals, the promotion of interpersonal relationships in organizations, and the cultivation of an organizational atmosphere. Based on a literature search, this paper provides an operational definition and basic research framework for workplace civility.
Subjects: Mathematics >> Applied Mathematics submitted time 2019-07-16
Abstract： Scheduling problem of intelligent processing system is studied. This problem is a part of Problem B of 2018 China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling. The system consists of a Rail Guide Vehicle (RGV), several Computer Number Controllers (CNC) and other components. RGV manages multiple CNCs to finish multiple units of material. RGV scheduling scheme determines the efficiency of the system. Taking RGV's moving path as decision variable, RGV's operation ending time on CNCs as time nodes, and material processing remaining time as state variables, the mathematical model of the problem is developed. However, the subscripts of some parameters are decision variables in this model. By defining new variables and constraints, the model is modified to exclude the decision-variable subscripts and piecewise functions, and the model is transformed into a nonlinear mixed integer programming model. Finally, a numerical example is given, which illustrates the correctness and operability of the model.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2019-07-14
Abstract： " Adolescent externalizing behaviors as a general and persistent form of maladaptiveness have received widespread attention. In the past, research in the field of developmental psychology has focused more on the impact of risk factors on adolescent externalizing behaviors. Although these studies had an important role in reducing these behaviors, focusing on positive factors not only can reduce adolescent externalizing behaviors, but can also replace externalizing behaviors by promoting the development of positive behaviors. In recent years, studies have begun to examine the impact of positive factors on adolescent externalizing behaviors, and have identified multiple positive factors in the prevention of these behaviors. Few studies, however, have explored the accumulative impact of positive factors on adolescent externalizing behaviors. Concerning this topic, the developmental assets model provided us with an ideal research tool. Based on this model, the present study used a longitudinal study design to examine the cumulative effects of multiple developmental assets on adolescent externalizing behaviors. In addition, this investigation also examined the relationship model between cumulative developmental assets and externalizing behaviors, as well as the possible moderating roles of gender in this model. A sample of 1,219 adolescents were recruited from three middle schools in Shandong, China. Quantitative surveys were administered to participants in December, 2015 (T1) and December, 2016 (T2). Adolescents only participated in the first survey, completing a self-administered questionnaire involving demographic variables and developmental assets. The head teachers participated in both surveys and completed an assessment of the externalizing behaviors of the students in their class. A series of analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0 software, including descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows: (1) the developmental assets had a cumulative effect on the reduction of adolescents’ current and subsequent externalizing behaviors. In the cumulative effects relationship model, there was a differentiation between current and subsequent externalizing behaviors, which was characterized by the nonlinear pattern of the quadratic function between cumulative developmental assets and current externalizing behaviors, and a linear pattern between cumulative developmental assets and subsequent externalizing behaviors. (2) The moderating effect of gender was only significant in the nonlinear relationship of the quadratic function between the cumulative developmental assets and current externalizing behaviors. In short, the present study is the first to demonstrate the cumulative effects of developmental assets on adolescent externalizing behaviors, as well as the relationship model of the cumulative effects and the moderating effect of gender underlying the relationship model. This study provides a basis for targeted asset construction and the prevention of adolescent externalizing behaviors.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： 老年人的联结记忆随年龄增长而出现普遍损伤,这种增龄性联结记忆损伤究竟是因捆绑功能受损导致的特定损伤还是因整体认知机能受损导致的信息表征能力的整体损伤,还存有争论。以Naveh-Benjamin(2000)的联结损伤假说(ADH)为代表的特定损伤观认为,增龄性联结记忆损伤与老年人捆绑不同项目和提取这些捆绑的特定加工过程的损伤有关;而以Benjamin (2010)的 DRYAD模型为代表的整体损伤观则认为,增龄性联结记忆损伤与老年人因老化而导致的记忆保持精度的整体损伤有关。二者在基本观点、实验支持及存在问题上各有侧重。此外,影响增龄性联结损伤的因素还可大致分为刺激信息特性、被试主体特点两方面。同时强调未来研究不仅要关注老年人联结损伤的认知机制和影响因素,更应关注其实际应用和临床指导价值。
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-07-10 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： 采用色环搜索单任务和双任务范式，考察语言中区分蓝、绿的汉族和语言中蓝、绿混用的纳西族对蓝色和绿色的辨别是否存在颜色范畴知觉效应(Categorical perception，以下简称为CP效应)。结果发现：(1)纳西族对蓝色和绿色的区分比汉族困难，体现了语言的作用；(2)语言中蓝、绿混用的纳西族与语言中区分蓝、绿的汉族都出现显著的蓝绿CP效应；(3)两民族被试的左视野的CP效应受到图形记忆次任务的显著干扰，说明左视野的 CP 效应与右脑激活有关。整个研究表明，颜色CP效应既存在普遍的知觉机制，也存在语言驱动机制，语言的作用存在直接效应。研究结果支持颜色词与颜色认知的相互作用理论。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 射电天文中，射频干扰问题多样而复杂，面对不同的射频干扰问题，针对不同的干扰机制，采用针对性的方法。从器件阶段消减射频干扰，可以预防射频干扰进入望远镜内部。介绍了德令哈毫米波望远镜9波束边带分离型超导接收机， 1个本振链路系统分配18路本振信号方案，针对本振链路中信号发生器的谐波信号引起的中频窄带干扰，设计了注入模拟谐波信号的测试方案，确认了干扰产生机制并得出了谐波信号频率与干扰信号的频率和功率的对应关系，分析并验证了谐波干扰传输路径。为了消减谐波干扰，利用YIG滤波器的可变频段的带通特性，在本振链路上滤除谐波信号，防止谐波信号耦合到接收机系统，完成了谐波干扰的消减。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 随着多波段时域天文学的快速发展，远程天文台逐渐显露出优势，成为时域天文学研究的重要工具。然而，国内还没有自主、成熟、稳定的系统可以应用到远程天文台的建设当中，为此中国虚拟天文台提出并设计了一套硬件集成系统以便于集成控制和扩展移植。电源模块是其中重要的组成部分，实现电源的集成控制将极大提升整个系统的稳定性。本文设计了一个闭环的电源集成控制模块，通过嵌入式技术实现了天文台各设备电源的集成控制、平顶的开关控制以及各个设备状态的监测，并提供多种控制模式。通过发送随机网络指令对该模块进行了24小时的连续测试，并测试了网络中断情况下短消息的控制。通过发送与监测数据的对比，结果表明系统具有良好的稳定性。
Subjects: Energy Science >> Engineering of Energy Sources System Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Electrical Engineering submitted time 2019-07-09
Abstract： The challenges of multi-area power system optimal dispatch exist on how to be in line with certain dispatching mode as well as on the modeling/solution. In this article, a multi-area system day-ahead scheduling, with a provincial systems-reducing method and a generation variances-minimizing objective, is proposed, based on the hierarchical dispatching organization and the long-term bilateral energy contract mode in China. Non-iteratively, the sub-optimal scheduling of ac/dc tie-lines and independent generation units can be derived from solving the model, which also considers some practical constraints like discrete constraints of dc power profiles and power flow limits of local ac interface, etc. Case study is carried out based on the realistic data from the multi-area hybrid ac/dc southern China power system, to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model. It is demonstrated that with this method, the upper-level dispatching institution can generate an optimized and reliable transmission power plan with limited information, which decreases the peak-valley difference and standard variance of generation series, relieves the burden of peak regulation of its sub-systems, and hence improves the economic efficiency. The approach suits the dispatching mode of power systems in China well, handles various operation scenarios, and thus has been implemented in the system operator.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment