Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-07-31
Abstract： Studies have shown that others’ (i.e., supervisors and coworkers) perceptions of work-family conflict have a great impact on employees’ work outcomes. However, this research is still at an early stage. It is unclear how supervisors and coworkers form their perceptions of employees’ work-family conflict and how these perceptions influence employees’ work outcomes. We add to this line of research by incorporating the literature on work-family conflict with that on stereotyping. We propose that an employee’s family and work characteristics might influence others’ perceptions of work-family conflict. Based on the competence-warmth framework, we further argue that others’ perceptions of work-family conflict may influence perceptions of competence and warmth, which in turn influence their reactions to the focal employee. Our model opens a new avenue for the research into work-family conflict by exploring its interpersonal mechanisms and by teasing out the antecedents of others’ perceptions of work-family conflict and the consequences of these perceptions. " "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-07-31
Abstract： In a voice behavior chain, managers can be both the initiator and the reactor. However, managers can neither solicit employee voice efficiently nor respond to employee voice effectively in practice all the time. Although there has been an increasing amount of research on managerial solicitation, endorsement and evaluation, those topics are separated and unsystematic. To address the managerial puzzle theoretically and practically, we propose the framework of voice behavior chain. Based on the Input-Process-Output Model, we summarize the antecedents and consequences of voice solicitation, voice endorsement, and voice (voicer) evaluation. We aim to depict the roles managers play in the voice behavior chain, and to provide suggestions for the practice in employee voice management.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-07-30
Abstract： Auditory word recognition involves complex cognitive processing. Blind people have certain advantages of auditory compensatory in word processing. However, due to the lack of visual input, the blind suffer more challenges in auditory word processing related with visual perceptual experience (e.g., color terms). Future research should focus on (1) the word categorization based on the relationship with visual experience; (2) the multifaceted effects and neuropsychological mechanisms of factors in auditory word recognition, including phonology, orthography, and semantics, in order to develop the special model of spoken word processing conforming to the perceptual characteristics of the blind; (3) developmental studies in different ages. Finally, to reveal the overall mechanism of the effect of blindness on auditory word recognition of the blind.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2021-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： The new specimens of the largest eugaleaspiform Nochelaspis maeandrine are redescribed from two localities of the Xishancun Formation in Qujing City, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Nochelaspis is most suggestive of Yunnanogaleaspis from the same horizon, but differs in its slit-like median dorsal opening (length/width>6), much stronger inner cornual process, coarse stellate ornamentation, and the serrations along the edges of the median dorsal opening and headshield. The new findings reveal the morphological details on the ventral side of the headshield as well. The oralobranchial fenestra is covered by a large dermal ventral plate, which is decorated with dense, tiny granular tubercles, and aligned with six pairs of separated, large, and circular branchial openings. This condition is different from that of osteostracans, in which the oralobranchial fenestra is covered by numerous minute scales or larger dermal platelets, and the branchial openings are slit-shaped and covered by small skin flaps somewhat like those of elasmobranchs. However, the branchial openings of galeaspids and osteostracans are both located ventrally as in modern rays, indicating a benthic lifestyle dwelling on sandy or muddy substrates in a quiet marine environment.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2021-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《古脊椎动物学报》
Abstract： The mastodont-grade proboscideans represent an important stage in the evolution of the group, establishing the basic pattern of the evolution of the crown groups of proboscideans. The research on mastodons has a history of more than 400 years. The classification and nomenclature have been revised and changed many times, and the problems in their evolution were fully reflected in the history of mastodon nomenclature. In this paper, we undertook a bibliographical research into the nomenclature and etymology of various mastodont groups, reviewing 175 translated Chinese names of mastodont-grade proboscideans, including 12 taxon names higher than the genus level, 46 genera, and 117 species, covering almost all the species of the mastodont radiation. On this basis, we review the principal phylogenetic hypotheses of mastodont interrelationships, and highlight problems in the classification and nomenclature of mastodonts. The evolution of the skull and mandible of mastodons is continuous in all clades, reflecting the same parallel evolution trend; while, although the morphological characteristics of cheek teeth across all lineages are not obvious, they are relatively stable in each lineage. Choerolophodontidae is the most robust monophyletic group within the mastodonts, of which Synconolophus may be a distinct, valid genus. Miomastodon and Pliomastodon of Mammutidae may both be valid, but they are not necessarily the direct ancestor of Mammut americanum. The phylogenetic relationship between Platybelodon danovi, P. grangeri and Aphanobelodon zhaoi within the Amebelodontidae is questionable, depending on whether the lower incisor section of P. danovi is the dentine rod structure or not, while Konobelodon britti in America may be a synonym of Torynobelodon loomisi. The species assigned to Konobelodon in Asia is possibly not amebelodontids, but probably attributable to Paratetralophodon, instead; Serridentinus of Gomphotheriidae may be a valid taxon, representing a trend towards somewhat zygodonty in Gomphotheriidae that terminated with the Cuvieroniinae. The Cuvieroniinae may only include Cuvieronius and Rhynchotherium, while other brevirostrine gomphotheres in America, such as Stegomastodon may have been evolved from a lineage of amebelodonts. Notiomastodon may be related to Sinomastodon, which itself may have originated from Pliomastodon (?) zhupengensis in southern China. The name Mastodon intermedius Teilhard de Chardin & Trassaert, 1937 (now Sinomastoodon intermedius) has the senior primary homonym Mastodon intermedius Eichwald, 1831. We suggest that Sinomastodon intermedius should be replaced with its senior synonym– Sinomastodon sendaicus (Matsumoto, 1924).
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2021-07-30
Abstract： 项目增补(Item Replenishing)对认知诊断计算机自适应测验(CD-CAT)题库的维护有着至关重要的作用，而在线标定是一种重要的项目增补方式。基于数据挖掘中特征选择(Feature Selection)的思路，提出一种高效的基于熵的信息增益的在线标定方法(记为IGEOCM)，该方法利用被试在新旧题上的作答联合估计新题的Q矩阵和项目参数。研究采用Monte Carlo模拟实验验证所开发新方法的效果，并同时与已有的在线标定方法SIE (Chen et al., 2015)、SIE-R-BIC和RMSEA-N (谭青蓉，2019)进行比较。结果表明：新开发的IGEOCM在各实验条件下均具有较好的项目标定精度和项目估计效率，且整体上优于已有的SIE等方法；同时，IGEOCM标定新题所需的时间低于SIE等方法。总之，研究为CD-CAT题库中项目的增补提供了一种更为高效、准确的方法。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2021-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： GNSS（Global Navigation Satellite System，全球导航卫星系统）接收机在接收到卫星信号后，经过捕获、跟踪，得到码相位与载波相位两个基本的测量值。然后通过测量值计算卫星与接收机之间的距离。载波相位测量值比码相位测量值具有更高的测量精度，但由于载波相位测量值具有计算整周模糊度的问题，在实际的计算当中得到高精度的相位测量结果需要付出更多的计算代价。因此，在实际应用中，得到更高精度的码相位测量结果具有更实际的意义。本文在基于相位条纹的技术基础上，通过提取互相关功率谱，提出一种更高精度的码相位测量方法，得到更高精度的码相位测量值，从而得到更高精度的码伪距测量结果，并通过实际的GNSS的信号验证了本方法的有效性。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2021-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：幸运成像技术是一种事后图像恢复技术，它能够有效减小大气湍流对图像质量的影响。传统的频域幸运成像算法在效果上优于传统的空域算法，它主要由图像预处理、数据选择和数据叠加三部分组成。本文提出了一种基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的频域幸运成像算法，并在FPGA平台上构建了频域幸运成像的实验系统。本系统通过二维转换为两个一维实现的处理方式对天文图像数据进行了二维快速傅里叶变换（2D-FFT），采用频域数据的实部平方与虚部平方之和代替幅值进行数据选择，所得到的高分辨率图像与基于中央处理器（CPU）算法处理的结果基本相同。本实验系统能对2000帧128128像素的图像进行频域幸运成像处理，比传统的基于CPU频域幸运成像算法速度快13倍多，实现了对传统的频域幸运成像算法进行加速，同时也为将来频域幸运成像的实时化提供了一种可行的技术方案。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2021-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：针对AIMS望远镜8~10μm真空制冷成像终端系统的高精度装调需求，提出了一种基于中红外可调谐激光光源的宽谱段干涉检测和装调方法。首先，采用泰曼—格林型干涉仪，利用其参考臂可调的优势，弥补光源相干性不足的缺陷，从而可以实现8~10μm宽谱段的干涉测量。其次，完成了干涉仪光学系统设计，可同时兼顾8~10μm和可见光双波段的波前质量，从而解决了肉眼不可见为干涉仪自身装调带来的困难。设计结果表明，利用可见光激光器进行干涉仪自身装调，可达到RMS 0.05λ@0.633μm的波前精度；在8~10μm检测波段，干涉仪波前RMS值均能优于0.001λ，可满足待测系统的检测需求。最后，基于逆向优化法仿真了8~10μm光学系统的装调流程。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2021-07-30 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：对大规模射电天文巡天项目产生的数据进行单脉冲搜索会产生数以亿计的脉冲星候选体。本文处理了CRAFTS（The Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey）巡天的32万个超宽带数据文件，得到5万个脉冲星候选体。针对CRAFTS单脉冲搜索实验结果中脉冲星候选体仅有1.5%真正具有脉冲星信号的问题，提出三个显著区分脉冲星信号与干扰的特征，并应用到单脉冲筛选流程中。实验表明，改进后的单脉冲筛选工具将需要人工检查脉冲星候选体的数量降低了20%，一定程度上提升了CRAFTS巡天数据的单脉冲搜索效率。
Subjects: Management Science >> Enterprise Management submitted time 2021-07-29
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2021-07-28
Abstract： Using the simplified Chinese version of the automated operation span task developed by thecurrent study and the Raven progressive matrices， we tested 102 college students． Eighty-six participants were re-tested after approximately 8 days． Results: The Cronbach’s α was 0． 670， and the testretest reliability was 0． 666． Using the Raven progressive matrices as the criterion，we found that Pearson correlation analysis showed significantly positively correlated whenever in the initial test ( r = 0． 33，P ＜ 0． 01) or the re-tested ( r = 0． 39，P ＜ 0． 001) ． Conclusion: The simplified Chinese version of theautomated version of the operation span task had good reliability and validity and was easy to operatefor users． The task can be freely downloaded from https: / /www． labxing． com /lab /695 /data． " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2021-07-28
Abstract： Crystalizing the consensual notions of public service motivation (PSM) in the Chinese context serves as a requisite condition for China to forge a committed public workforce and improve its public human resource management strategies. Existing research on PSM, albeit copious, overlooks its massive conceptual divergence between Chinese and Western contexts. Moreover, current PSM studies have paid scant attention to the micro-intervention mechanisms of PSM and its negative behavioral impacts. This research hence aims to develop an integrated PSM theory in the Chinese context through investigating its core components, activation mechanism and workplace consequences. Specifically, this study conceptualizes PSM as a mixed-motives construct. By virtue of a grounded theory approach, we will then identify the core components of PSM among front-line employees and subsequently develop a measurement scale fitting the Chinese context. Through the lens of micro-interventions, additionally, this study will examine the effects of beneficiary contacts, self-advocacy, and idea reflections on activating public servants’ PSM. Finally, this study will investigate the mechanisms underlying both desirable and undesirable effects of PSM on public employees. In a nutshell, the furtherance and completion of this study will not only echo an enduring scholarly call for the establishment of localized PSM theories cast against the Chinese background, but also generate ample evidence-based policy implications about the approaches through which the work motivation and job performance of Chinese public employees can be viably augmented. " " "
Subjects: Biology >> Virology Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2021-07-28
Qihui Wang
Hua Chen
Yi Shi
Alice C. Hughes
William J. Liu
Jingkun Jiang
George F. Gao
Yongbiao Xue
Yigang Tong
Abstract： The origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive. Understanding how, when, and where SARS-CoV-2 was transmitted from its natural reservoir to human beings is crucial for preventing future coronavirus outbreaks. With the lessons learned from the endless battle with pathogens and accumulated research data with regard to the origin and intermediate host, we present multiple potential locations as the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-07-27
Abstract： When presented with the moral decision-making situation within a foreign language context, the individuals will show a stronger utilitarian moral evaluation tendency compared with the same situation within the native language context. This phenomenon is defined as the moral foreign language effect. Numerous research studies have explored how the language context can influence moral judgment. However, the results were far from consistent. In this work, we used meta-analysis to explore the effect of the language type (native language vs. foreign language) on the individuals’ utilitarian tendency in moral judgments, and we analyzed several moderating variables. We retrieved 19 papers from the literature, with 46 independent samples, 97 effect sizes and 9672 participants that met the inclusion criteria. The results demonstrated a small but stable moral foreign language effect (g = 0.23). Analyzing the moderation factors indicated that the moral foreign language effect was influenced by the story type, with a small but stable effect for personal moral dilemma stories (g = 0.32). On the other hand, there was no foreign language effect for impersonal moral dilemma stories (g = 0.11) or daily moral evaluation stories (g = 0.12). In addition, the foreign language effect for impersonal moral dilemma stories was affected by the scoring method. There was a significant effect under multi-point scoring (g = 0.27), but not under two-point scoring (g = 0.05). As for the sex and language family type, no significant moderating effect was observed. Our results suggest that the language type has a certain impact on the individuals' decision tendency when faced with moral dilemmas. More attention should be paid to the influence of the moral dilemma story type and a scoring method in future research.
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2021-07-27
Abstract： Disgust is an important basic emotion for human beings and animals, and it derives from distasteful oral responses to bitter (toxic) tastants, often accompanied with nausea and vomiting and a strong desire to stay away from the induced stimulus, and it has the function of avoiding potential disease threats. A large number of studies have shown that oxytocin, progesterone, and estrogens can affect perception, generation and expression of core disgust, as well as learning conditioned disgust and recognizing facial expression in varying degrees. These three hormones mainly affect the processing of disgust by modulating neurotransmitter receptors including serotonin, γ-aminobutyric acid, acetylcholine, and glutamic acid receptors, and thus affecting the activities of amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, putamen, piriform cortex, and middle frontal gyrus. Future studies should explore the effects of these hormones on disgust in different sensory channels and also consider their moderating roles in different genders by accurately measuring hormone levels and controlling the task difficulties. In addition, researchers can combine neuroimaging technologies with behavioral studies to clarify the neuroendocrine mechanism of these hormones affecting disgust processing.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-07-27
Abstract： " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-07-27
Abstract： Spatial-numerical associations (SNAs) are a hot topic in the field of cognitive psychology. An important index to explore SNAs is the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect (i.e., faster responses to small numbers using left effectors, and the inverse for large numbers). Previous studies have verified the universality of the SNARC effect and its flexibility in direction, and a variety of theoretical explanations have been proposed. In addition, the SNARC effect is also flexible in the processing stage at which it occurs, which might be caused by: (1) disparities in the comprehension of additive-factor logic, (2) observation from a single point, (3) different types of Simon effects were adopted as the measure index, and (4) different tasks were adopted. Combining the above reasons, a new two-stage processing (spatial representation of magnitude, spatial representation to response selection) model was proposed. Also, it was proposed that different interference factors acting on the two stages might be the core reason for the flexibility of the SNARC effect. Future research could focus on comparisons of different tasks and the adoption of various interference factors to verify the two-stage processing model and combine cognitive neuroscience technologies to further elucidate the neural mechanism underlying the flexibility of SNAs. "
Subjects: Mathematics >> Theoretical Computer Science submitted time 2021-07-26
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-07-25
Abstract： Embodied language cognition highlights that language processing is not only involves internal representation of purely abstract symbols but also body and environment which play an important role. The majority of the evidences are from the field of the first language (L1), and there is still debate on whether this effect exists in second language (L2) cognition or not. We proposed two hypotheses, “automatic activation” and “native language mediation”, after summarizing the evidences for the L2 embodiment effect from behavioral and neurophysiological studies. And we analyzed the advantages, disadvantages, and influencing factors. Finally, the existing issues in this field and the research orientation in the future are discussed, studies on these issues are helpful to enrich the theory of language embodied cognition and further clarify the mechanism of bilingual representation, and effectively improve L2 teaching.
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