Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2024-01-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background There are many tools for symptom assessment of patients with heart failure，but there is a lack of standardized evaluation studies on the quality of such tools，which brings difficulties to the selection of tools. Objective To evaluate the Measurement Property and methodological quality of symptom assessment tools in patients with heart failure，and to provide reference for relevant personnel to choose symptom assessment tools. Methods The Chinese and English databases such as PubMed，EmBase，and CNKI were searched for relevant studies from the date of library construction to July 30，2023.The（Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments）COSMIN guideline was employed to evaluate the scale and form recommendations. Results Eleven studies were included for quality assessment，including eight tools for assessing symptoms in patients with heart failure：Chinese version of Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale Heart Failure（MSAS-HF），Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale（HF-SPS），M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory Heart Failure（MDASI-HF），Symptom Status Questionnaire Heart Failure（SSQ-HF），Shortness of Breath in Heart Failure Instrument（SOB-HF），Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire（MLHFQ），Chronic Heart Failure Assessment Tool（CHAT）and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire（KCCQ）. Regarding the measurement property，scales such as Chinese version of MSAS-HF，MDASI-HF，MLHFQ，and KCCQ were demonstrated a “sufficient” level of content validity. Conversely，HF-SPS，SSQ-HF，and SOB-HF were exhibited an “uncertain” level of content validity，while CHAT was categorized as having “insufficient” content validity. Finally，Chinese version of MSAS-HF and MLHFQ were recommended as level A，and the other six scales were recommended as level B. Conclusion Certainly，both Chinese version of MSAS-HF and MLHFQ demonstrate a remarkable level of reliability. Considering the distinct attributes of assessment tools，it is highly advisable to utilize Chinese version of MSAS-HF for the purpose of symptom assessment in patients suffering from heart failure.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Stress contagion refers to the phenomenon where people unconsciously absorb stress reactions from another individual in the stressed state, through observation or direct contact, and match their own physiological and psychological state to that individual. In experimental settings, individuals who experience stress are commonly referred to as demonstrators, while those who observe the demonstrator undergoing stress are referred to as observers. Sensory channels are important factors that influence the process of stress contagion, as different sensory channels transmit social information in varying ways. The experimental paradigm for stress contagion can be categorized into two types: vicarious stress and stress crossover. In the vicarious stress paradigm, the observer receives stress information transmitted by the demonstrator through one or multiple sensory channels, such as images, sounds, or pheromones that are emitted by the stressed demonstrator. In the stress crossover paradigm, the observer comes into direct contact with the demonstrator and receives stress information through multiple sensory channels after the demonstrator undergoes stress. Studies have found that different sensory information elicits similar behavioral responses during stress contagion, which are accompanied by decreased autonomic activity, increased anxiety-like behavior, and elevated cortisol levels. However, the underlying neural circuit and key regions differ depending on the type of sensory information. In stress contagion induced by visual information, the anterior cingulate cortex and insular cortex play crucial roles as key brain regions. On the other hand, in stress contagion induced by auditory information, the basolateral amygdala and periaqueductal gray are the key brain regions involved. The olfactory system's primary receptors that receive stress pheromones are the grueneberg ganglion cell, while the basolateral amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex are the key areas responsible for stress transmission. Additionally, significant activation of the amygdala was observed in different types of stress contagion paradigms, suggesting that the amygdala may be a hotspot brain region for stress contagion. To date, no studies have investigated stress contagion induced by touch alone, and future research should explore the neural mechanisms underlying touch-induced stress contagion by developing new experimental paradigms. Additionally, future studies should aim to identify the specific brain regions that should be investigated based on the sensory channels that influence the neural mechanisms of stress contagion.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： The facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is a stable perceptual structure of all faces. It is calculated by dividing the face width (the distance between the left and right zygion) by the face height (the distance between the eyebrow and the upper lip). Previous studies have demonstrated that men's facial width-to-height ratio is a reliable clue to noticing aggressive tendencies and behavior. Individuals with higher fWHR were considered by observers as more aggressive than those with lower fWHR. The researchers proposed that this may be related to facial expression. Observers more readily saw anger in faces with a relatively high fWHR and more readily saw fear in faces with a relatively low fWHR. However, it is unclear what the neural mechanism of fWHR is, particularly in the absence of attention. The present study investigated this issue by recording visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), which indicates automatic processing of visual information under unattended conditions. Participants performed a size-change-detection task on a central cross, while random sequences of faces were presented in the background using a deviant-standard-reverse oddball paradigm. High fWHR faces (deviant stimuli) were presented less frequently among low fWHR faces (standard stimuli), or vice versa. Forty-one and twenty-five Chinese participated in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. We hypothesized that faces with high fWHR would elicit a larger vMMN compared to faces with low fWHR. If the above result is related to the fact that high fWHR faces appear angrier and low fWHR faces appear more fearful, then high fWHR faces displaying an angry expression would evoke vMMN and low fWHR faces displaying a fearful expression would evoke vMMN. In Experiment 1, faces with neutral expressions were used. The occipital-temporal vMMN emerged in the latency range of 200~500 ms for faces with high fWHR and in the latency range of 200~250 ms and 300~350 ms for faces with low fWHR. More importantly, faces with high fWHR elicited a higher vMMN than those with low fWHR faces in the 300~350 ms latency range. In Experiment 2, faces with expressions of fear and anger were used. Results showed that high-fWHR faces displaying an angry expression elicited a vMMN in the 200~250 ms and 300~400 ms latency ranges, while low-fWHR faces displaying a fearful expression elicited a vMMN in the 250~400 ms latency range, especially in the left hemisphere. Comparing Experiment 1 and 2, we found that faces with high fWHR displaying an angry expression elicited smaller vMMN than those displaying a neutral expression. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that the facial width-to-height ratio is associated with automatic processing and provide new electrophysiological evidence for the different mechanisms underlying high and low fWHR faces under unattended conditions. The results might be related to facial expressions. Consistent with previous studies, the current finding demonstrates that automatic processing of high and low fWHR is promoted by expressions of anger and fear, respectively. At the same time, due to the automatic processing of facial expressions, the automatic processing of faces with high fWHR was weakened by angry faces relative to neutral faces.
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：现实的社会系统中包含着国家、地域、城市、家庭等各种不同层次的子系统,而子系统的结构又是由很多的因素所组成的,如"人""群体""组织"等,各要素之间相互关联,共同促进社会和谐稳定的发展。同样的,伴随着互联网技术的发展,越来越多的人开始在网络上聚集,在网络媒介生态环境中,我们将"社会人"称为"单向度行为ID",与现实社会系统相似的是,网络媒介生态环境体系也存在一定的结构,主要由"单向度行为ID""单向度行为部落""功能媒介""功能媒介生态""媒介生态层"五大结构组成。本文主要分析网络媒介生态结构中最基础的结构单向度行为ID和单向度行为部落的构成。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-07-31 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
LI, Jingjing
YUAN, Ding
WANG, Xiuling
KANG, Hongfei
LAI, Chengcheng
WANG, Peisong
LU, Guangping
GAO, Yanxia
Abstract： Background The emergence of virtual reality（VR）technology is the breakthrough of medical education reform. It is the focus of clinical educators to apply VR technology to medical education and discuss the application effect. The application of VR in the standardized training of residents（referred to as residential training）is not rare，but the literature on the application of VR in the residential training of general practice has not been reported. Objective To explore the effectiveness of VR technology in the residential training of general practice，and provide a reference for the promotion and application of VR technology in the residential training of general practice. Methods From May 16，2022 to August 16，2022，a total of 58 general practitioners in the grade of 2020 in the department of general practice in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University，Henan Province were selected as the research objects and divided into the experimental group（n=29）and control group（n=29）by using random number generator. The experimental group adopted the teaching method of combining traditional theoretical training and VR skills training，and the control group adopted the method of combining traditional theoretical training and traditional skills training. The training content included the first aid of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and electric defibrillation，the treatment process of organophosphorus poisoning，and treatment process of independent sudden dyspnea in the hospital. Questionnaires were distributed to investigate the basic information of the subjects and their understanding of VR before the training，theoretical and skill assessments were carried out respectively after training，and the two groups of students were compared in theoretical assessment results，skill assessment results，self-assessment results of the key points of training skills and satisfaction with teaching methods. Results There was no difference in gender，age and years of graduation between the experimental group and control group（P>0.05）. After training，the theoretical and skill assessment scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. With an assessment score ≥ 80 as excellence in assessment，the excellent rate of theoretical assessment in the experimental group was higher than the control group（P<0.05）. The self-assessed rate of mastery of the key points of the first aid skills for electric defibrillation and organophosphorus poisoning in the experimental group was higher than the control group（P<0.05）. The satisfaction scores of study interest，self-study ability，clinical thinking and judgment ability，clinical comprehensive ability，simulation of clinical environment，improvement of teaching effect，preparation for clinical practice and whether teaching is helpful to them were all higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Compared with the traditional teaching mode，the application of traditional theoretical training combined with VR skills training teaching method is conducive to stimulating the subjective motivation of general practice residents，and also effectively improves their mastery of professional knowledge，which has popularization value in the teaching of residential training of general practice.
Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology submitted time 2023-06-25
Abstract： The facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is a stable perceptual structure of all faces. It is calculated by dividing the face width (the distance between the left and right zygion) by the face height (the distance between the eyebrow and the upper lip). Previous studies have demonstrated that men's facial width-to-height ratio is a reliable clue to noticing aggressive tendencies and behavior. Individuals with higher fWHR were considered by observers as more aggressive than those with lower fWHR. The researchers proposed that this may be related to facial expression. Observers more readily saw anger in faces with a relatively high fWHR and more readily saw fear in faces with a relatively low fWHR. However, it is unclear what the neural mechanism of fWHR is, particularly in the absence of attention. The present study investigated this issue by recording visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), which indicates automatic processing of visual information under unattended conditions.
Participants performed a size-change-detection task on a central cross, while random sequences of faces were presented in the background using a deviant-standard-reverse oddball paradigm. High fWHR faces (deviant stimuli) were presented less frequently among low fWHR faces (standard stimuli), or vice versa. Forty-one and twenty-five Chinese participated in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. We hypothesized that faces with high fWHR would elicit a larger vMMN compared to faces with low fWHR. If the above result is related to the fact that high fWHR faces appear angrier and low fWHR faces appear more fearful, then high fWHR faces displaying an angry expression would evoke vMMN and low fWHR faces displaying a fearful expression would evoke vMMN.
In Experiment 1, faces with neutral expressions were used. The occipital-temporal vMMN emerged in the latency range of 200~500 ms for faces with high fWHR and in the latency range of 200~250 ms and 300~350 ms for faces with low fWHR. More importantly, faces with high fWHR elicited a higher vMMN than those with low fWHR faces in the 300~350 ms latency range. In Experiment 2, faces with expressions of fear and anger were used. Results showed that high-fWHR faces displaying an angry expression elicited a vMMN in the 200~250ms and 300~400ms latency ranges, while low-fWHR faces displaying a fearful expression elicited a vMMN in the 250~400ms latency range, especially in the left hemisphere. Comparing Experiment 1 and 2, we found that faces with high fWHR displaying an angry expression elicited smaller vMMN than those displaying a neutral expression.
In conclusion, the present findings suggest that the facial width-to-height ratio is associated with automatic processing and provide new electrophysiological evidence for the different mechanisms underlying high and low fWHR faces under unattended conditions. The results might be related to facial expressions. Consistent with previous studies, the current finding demonstrates that automatic processing of high and low fWHR is promoted by expressions of anger and fear, respectively. At the same time, due to the automatic processing of facial expressions, the automatic processing of faces with high fWHR was weakened by angry faces relative to neutral faces.
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2023-06-19
Abstract： Stress contagion refers to the phenomenon where people unconsciously absorb stress reactions from another individual in the stressed state, through observation or direct contact, and match their own physiological and psychological state to that individual. The experimental paradigm for stress contagion can be categorized into two types: vicarious stress and stress crossover. In vicarious stress paradigms, the observer receives stress information transmitted through one or more sensory channels from a demonstrator. In stress crossover paradigms, the observer comes into direct contact with the demonstrator after they have experienced stress, receiving stress information through multiple sensory channels. The behavioral responses elicited by different sensory information exhibit similarities, such as decreased autonomic activity, increased anxiety-like behavior and elevated cortisol levels. The neural circuit and key brain regions involved are not entirely consistent across all sensory channels. However, stress contagion effects tend to be stronger when multiple sensory channels are involved compared to single sensory channels (visual, auditory, or olfactory). The amygdala has been identified as a central brain region for stress contagion, consistently demonstrating significant activation across various stress contagion paradigms. In future studies, it is crucial for researchers to carefully consider the experimental paradigms employed in studying stress contagion and identify specific brain regions of interest based on the underlying neural mechanisms associated with stress contagion effects induced by different sensory channels.
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2023-04-24
Abstract： Objective To explore the application effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (EARS) in gynecological laparoscopy. Methods Totally 87 patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopy were retrospectively analyzed. According to the sequence of hospital admissions, 45 patients in control group received routine perioperative care, and another 42 patients in ERAS group were given EARS-based nursing interventions. Primary outcomes included intraoperative indexes (operation time, intraoperative blood loss and decrease in hemoglobin, postoperative indexes (first time of postoperative off-bed activities, anus exhausting time, length of stay, Visual Analogue Scale on pain at 12 hours after surgery) and postoperative complications such as nausea and vomiting, should and neck pain, abdominal distension. Results The operation time in the ERAS group was shorter than that in the control group (P＜0.05). Patients in the ERAS group had shorter first time of postoperative off-bed activities, anus exhausting time, length of stay, and lower score of VAS pain at 12 hours after surgery compared with those in the control group(P＜0.01). Incidences of nausea and vomiting, should and neck pain, abdominal distension in the ERAS group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The EARS-based nursing is potentially effective to improve the postoperative recovery of patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopy, it may reduce the postoperative pain and complications, and shorten the length of stay of patients.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： One of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is persistent social dysfunction. The severity of symptoms varies from patient to patient, and there are many different clinical manifestations, such as depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and ADHD. About 30 percent of people with ASD require psychotherapy and psychiatric care, including medication for behavioral problems. In recent years, many studies have indicated that tactile input can affect social function through regulating the oxytocin system. The affective touch conducted by C-fiber promotes the synthesis and release of oxytocin and enhances social motivation and social preference. And the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin hypothesizes that oxytocin regulates the attention orientation of individuals to social information cues in external situations. For example, oxytocin may enhance aggression and competitiveness of individuals in competitive situations while enhance cooperation in social situations. According to the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, oxytocin increases the salience of social information through enhancing activation of corresponding brain regions. Under this theoretical framework, when social interaction happens, tactile input can enhance the synthesis and release of oxytocin, and oxytocin can also increase the salience of tactile information, which further promotes the occurrence of social interaction. Previous studies have shown that people with ASD have deficits in the oxytocin system. The main manifestations are lower peripheral oxytocin concentration than normal developing individuals and the change of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism（SNP）of oxytocin receptor. People with ASD also show abnormal tactile sensitivity, including hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity. At the peripheral level, they manifest abnormal tactile threshold. At the central level, they manifest abnormal activation in the brain’s affective touch processing regions (such as insula). Compared with typical development, people with ASD show lower activation in social brain network, which maybe is the one reason of abnormal tactile sensitivity. Moderate tactile input can promote the synthesis and release of oxytocin. Thus, we can combine the exogenous oxytocin treatment with auxiliary tactile training together in the future intervening measures. And the interventions for social dysfunction need to start as early as possible. Many people with ASD exhibit abnormal sensory sensitivity in early life, which can affect the quality of parent-child interactions. If infant cannot obtain adequate sensory input from early parent-child interaction, it will cause a growth environment similar to sensory deprivation for infant patients with ASD, which will seriously affect future social functioning in adulthood. Based on the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, this article summarizes the possible regulations between touch and oxytocin on social function. We point out that the deficits in the oxytocin system can decrease the salience of touch information in people with ASD, reducing the attention resources in social interaction and affecting the emotional feelings for touch. Abnormal tactile sensitivity results in social avoidance, which decreases the synthesis and release of oxytocin in social contact, decreasing the social motivation and social preference, ultimately resulting in social dysfunction. Exploring the interaction between touch, oxytocin system and social function can help us understand the pathogenesis of social dysfunction, and providing new ideas for the prevention and intervention in the future.
submitted time 2023-03-25 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： One of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is persistent social dysfunction. The severity of symptoms varies from patient to patient, and there are many different clinical manifestations, such as depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and ADHD. About 30 percent of people with ASD require psychotherapy and psychiatric care, including medication for behavioral problems. In recent years, many studies have indicated that tactile input can affect social function through regulating the oxytocin system. The affective touch conducted by C-fiber promotes the synthesis and release of oxytocin and enhances social motivation and social preference. And the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin hypothesizes that oxytocin regulates the attention orientation of individuals to social information cues in external situations. For example, oxytocin may enhance aggression and competitiveness of individuals in competitive situations while enhance cooperation in social situations. According to the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, oxytocin increases the salience of social information through enhancing activation of corresponding brain regions. Under this theoretical framework, when social interaction happens, tactile input can enhance the synthesis and release of oxytocin, and oxytocin can also increase the salience of tactile information, which further promotes the occurrence of social interaction. Previous studies have shown that people with ASD have deficits in the oxytocin system. The main manifestations are lower peripheral oxytocin concentration than normal developing individuals and the change of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism（SNP）of oxytocin receptor. People with ASD also show abnormal tactile sensitivity, including hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity. At the peripheral level, they manifest abnormal tactile threshold. At the central level, they manifest abnormal activation in the brain’s affective touch processing regions (such as insula). Compared with typical development, people with ASD show lower activation in social brain network, which maybe is the one reason of abnormal tactile sensitivity. Moderate tactile input can promote the synthesis and release of oxytocin. Thus, we can combine the exogenous oxytocin treatment with auxiliary tactile training together in the future intervening measures. And the interventions for social dysfunction need to start as early as possible. Many people with ASD exhibit abnormal sensory sensitivity in early life, which can affect the quality of parent-child interactions. If infant cannot obtain adequate sensory input from early parent-child interaction, it will cause a growth environment similar to sensory deprivation for infant patients with ASD, which will seriously affect future social functioning in adulthood. Based on the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, this article summarizes the possible regulations between touch and oxytocin on social function. We point out that the deficits in the oxytocin system can decrease the salience of touch information in people with ASD, reducing the attention resources in social interaction and affecting the emotional feelings for touch. Abnormal tactile sensitivity results in social avoidance, which decreases the synthesis and release of oxytocin in social contact, decreasing the social motivation and social preference, ultimately resulting in social dysfunction. Exploring the interaction between touch, oxytocin system and social function can help us understand the pathogenesis of social dysfunction, and providing new ideas for the prevention and intervention in the future.
Subjects: Information Science and Systems Science >> Basic Disciplines of Information Science and Systems Science submitted time 2023-02-14 Cooperative journals: 《桂林电子科技大学学报》
Abstract： Aiming at the problem of the large number of array elements and low utilization rate of the three-dimensional synthetic
aperture radar (3D-FDA-SAR) imaging method of frequency diversity arrays, a 3D-FDA-SAR imaging method based
on multiple input and multiple output arrays is proposed. The frequency diversity array of 3D-FDA-SAR tangent track direction
is changed to multiple input multiple output frequency diversity array. The multiple input multiple output frequency
diversity array moves with the moving platform to form a synthetic aperture along the track direction, combined with the
tangent track direction The real array is combined with a virtual two-dimensional frequency diversity array plane to obtain the
downward-looking three-dimensional imaging capability of the target. Firstly, a multi-input multi-output 3D-FDA-SAR imaging
model and signal model are established, using multi-input multi-output technology, the waveform quadrature signal
single-frequency narrowband signal is sent at the transmitting end, and all the transmitting arrays are received through the
full-frequency receiving mode at the receiving end. The echo signal reflected by the target is separated by a quadrature
matched filter to obtain the echo data of different receiving and sending channels, and then the echo data is imaged by the
backward projection algorithm, and finally the three-dimensional imaging result of the target is obtained. Experimental simulation
results show that the 3D-FDA-SAR imaging method based on multiple-input multiple-output arrays uses a small
number of array elements, improves the utilization of the array elements, and obtains the three-dimensional imaging capability
of downward-looking targets.
Subjects: Information Science and Systems Science >> Basic Disciplines of Information Science and Systems Science submitted time 2023-02-14 Cooperative journals: 《桂林电子科技大学学报》
Abstract： The hardware design of phased array three-dimension synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system based on wideband
transmission signals is complicated, and the received signals are difficult to separate. By applying the frequency diverse array
(FDA) to 3D-SAR, each array element only needs to transmit a single frequency signal to obtain wideband observation performance,
which greatly reduces the hardware requirements of system. However, due to the space-frequency sparseness of
FDA echo signals, the resolution is limited and the sidelobes of radar images are relatively high when using the back projection
(BP) algorithm based on matched filtering. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a random frequency diverse array
3D-SAR imaging method based on compressed sensing (CS). The array elements in the tangent-track and the observation
positions in the along-track are selected randomly and sparsely to realize two-dimensional sparse sampling of echo data.
In the imaging part, orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is used to reconstruct the scattering coefficient of targets.
Simulation and experimental results show that CS method not only reduces the data processing amount of FDA-3DSAR
system during imaging, but also effectively suppresses the sidelobes of radar images, and the imaging quality is significantly
improved. By using the compressed sensing algorithm, FDA-3D-SAR can accurately reconstruct the information of
space targets when the echo is sparse, which verifies the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology submitted time 2022-12-28
Abstract：
One of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)is persistent social dysfunction. In recent years, many studies have indicated that tactile input can affect social function through regulating the oxytocin system. The affective touch conducted by C-fiber promotes the synthesis and release of oxytocin and enhances social motivation and social preference. According to the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, oxytocin increases the salience of social information through enhancing activation of corresponding brain regions. Under this theoretical framework, when social interaction happens, tactile input can enhance the synthesis and release of oxytocin, and oxytocin can also increase the salience of tactile information, which further promotes the occurrence of social interaction. Previous studies have shown that people with ASD have deficits in the oxytocin system. The main manifestations are lower peripheral oxytocin concentration than normal developing individuals and the change of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)of oxytocin receptor. People with ASD also show abnormal tactile sensitivity, including hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity. At the peripheral level, they manifest abnormal tactile threshold. At the central level, they manifest abnormal activation in the brain’s affective touch processing regions (such as insula). Based on the social salience hypothesis of oxytocin, this article summarizes the possible regulations between touch and oxytocin on social function. We point out that the deficits in the oxytocin system can decrease the salience of touch information in people with ASD, reducing the attention resources in social interaction and affecting the emotional feelings for touch. Abnormal tactile sensitivity results in social avoidance, which decreases the synthesis and release of oxytocin in social contact, decreasing the social motivation and social preference, ultimately resulting in social dysfunction. Exploring the interaction between touch, oxytocin system and social function can help us understand the pathogenesis of social dysfunction, and providing new ideas for the prevention and intervention in the future.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究酵母甘露寡糖对蒙古绵羊生长性能、血清免疫和炎症及抗氧化指标的影响。选用体况良好、体重[（28.91±1.81） kg]相近的18只蒙古绵羊，随机分为3组（每组6只）对照饲喂基础饲粮，甘露寡糖组和瘤胃素组在对照组饲粮的基础上在精料中分别添加0.1%酵母甘露寡糖和0.015%的瘤胃素。试验期为70 d，其中预试期10 d，正试期60 d。第1~30天，饲粮精粗比为4:6，第31~60天饲粮精粗比逐步过渡到7:3。于正试期第1天、第30天和第60天空腹称重并采集血清，检测血清免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）和一氧化氮（NO）的浓度，以及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，饲粮添加甘露寡糖和瘤胃素均能显著提高高精料饲养模式下蒙古绵羊的生长性能，表现为体重（第60天）、平均日增重显著增加（P﹤0.05），料重比显著降低（P﹤0.05），且甘露寡糖组在第1~30天的阶段日增重显著高于对照组和瘤胃素组（P﹤0.05），第31~60天，瘤胃素组的阶段日增重显著高于对照组（P﹤0.05）。2）第30天，甘露寡糖组绵羊血清中的IgM浓度、LBP浓度和T-SOD活性显著高于对照组（P﹤0.05）；第60天，与对照组相比，甘露寡糖组绵羊血清中SAA浓度显著升高（P﹤0.05），血清T-AOC和GSH-Px活性显著降低（P﹤0.05），瘤胃素组血清T-AOC也显著降低（P﹤0.05）。综合得出，添加酵母甘露寡糖能改善饲喂高精料饲粮蒙古绵羊的生长性能、血清免疫功能和抗氧化能力，与添加瘤胃素有相似的效果，且在精粗比4∶6时效果较好。
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