Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-04-27
Abstract： In our daily lives, we are often confronted with a plethora of diverse and intricate adaptive stimuli. Prior research has predominantly focused on investigating the processing mechanisms of individual faces from the perspective of adaptation effects, yielding relatively consistent findings. However, controversies persist regarding the formation process of average representations in ensemble face adaptation effects, accompanied by a dearth of comprehensive explorations into ensemble face processing mechanisms. Attractiveness, as a crucial and distinct dimension in face perception, exhibits a phenomenon known as the averageness attractiveness effect, wherein faces perceived as more average tend to be rated as more attractive. This effect serves as a tool to examine the generation process of ensemble face adaptation effects and to further elucidate the processing of ensemble faces. This study employed a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm to investigate ensemble face adaptation effects from the perspective of cognitive load, aiming to advance our understanding of ensemble face processing mechanisms. Experiment 1 employed a within-subject design featuring three adaptation conditions (high attractiveness faces, low attractiveness faces, mixed faces). Results indicated that after adapting to low (high) attractiveness faces, individuals exhibited increased (decreased) judgments towards new faces, thus demonstrating adaptation effects. This outcome substantiates the notion that individuals process ensemble faces via holistic averaging. In Experiment 2, cognitive load manipulation was introduced with a mixed design of 2 (adaptation type: high attractiveness faces, low attractiveness faces) × 2 (load level: high load, low load). Results revealed that under both high and low cognitive load conditions, individuals exhibited adaptation effects after adapting to low (high) attractiveness faces, thus indicating that individuals employ an automated processing mechanism for ensemble faces. This study, by utilizing rapid presentation of single faces to form face ensembles, demonstrated that under conditions of rapid serial presentation, adaptation effects are based on the holistic averaging of ensemble faces, unveiling the processing of ensemble faces. Furthermore, by manipulating cognitive load, this study for the first time investigated the processing mode of ensemble faces and the role of cognitive resources in ensemble face processing. The findings corroborate the existence of ensemble face adaptation effects even under conditions of limited cognitive resources, suggesting that individuals process ensemble faces in an automated manner, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of face processing research.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-03-05 Cooperative journals: 《第八届海峡两岸暨港澳地区高校现代书院制教育论坛 》
Abstract：高校主题班会是针对大学生开展日常思想政治教育、促进大学生全面发展的关键教育活动，但当前存在思政导向较模糊、教育内涵略浅显、实施形式较单一、双向互动不充分等问题。华东师范大学孟宪承书院基于书院制的发展优势，孵化了育德为先、教育为本、体验为径、队伍为要的主题班会建设经验。基于此，本研究提出以“四课”聚“四力”的主题班会创新范式，上好“立德树人课”、提升主题班会“信念力”，上好“立体分阶课”、提升主题班会“教育力”，上好“情境实践课”、提升主题班会“亲和力”，上好“师生共研课”、提升主题班会“协同力”，据此为书院制下高校主题班会的纵深发展提供借鉴。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-03-05 Cooperative journals: 《第八届海峡两岸暨港澳地区高校现代书院制教育论坛 》
Abstract：新时代对师范生培养提出了更高的要求，提升师范生劳动素养势在必行。师范生劳动素养培育和书院制育人理念的价值相耦合，书院制在生活、实践、文化场域各方面都为师范生劳动素养培育提供了有力支撑。华东师范大学孟宪承书院经过近十六年的探索，形成了一套较为完善的书院制劳动育人模式，为书院制模式下师范生劳动素养培育和提升提供了实践案例与思路启迪。师范生劳动素养提升，必须要发挥书院优势，凝聚劳动素养培育的共识，依托书院搭建劳动素养提升平台实现场域贯通，拓宽劳动素养提升通道实现时空延续，从而促进师范生德智体美劳全面发展。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-03-05 Cooperative journals: 《第八届海峡两岸暨港澳地区高校现代书院制教育论坛 》
Abstract：随着国内高校书院制育人模式的推广，“书院+学院”的“双院”协同育人的培养体系也在逐步完善。书院通识课程作为这一体系的重要组成，重在提升学生综合素养，凸显养成教育。本文基于“双院”协同育人视角，以“讨论班”教学模式为例，探析在书院通识课程中如何发挥“讨论班”所具备的整体性、系统性和交互性教学模式特征，助力基础型、发展型和探索型三维向度的复合型人才培养能力结构特征。同时针对“讨论班”教学模式在课程运用中的局限性，呈现形式报告化和课堂效果有限性等问题展开探索研究。进一步提出书院通识课程教学模式的构建路径，从而更好协同“书院+学院”，充分发挥其育人的功能，构建培养时代新人的育人模式。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-03-05 Cooperative journals: 《第八届海峡两岸暨港澳地区高校现代书院制教育论坛 》
Abstract：摘要中华优秀传统文化具有促进师德培育的独特优势，其内在蕴含的家国情怀、人格修养和社会关爱与师范生师德培育相契合。华东师范大学孟宪承书院探索了中华优秀传统文化融入师德培育的实践模式，通过仪式教育、体验课程等培育载体融文化于活动，通过互动环境、联合功域寸后苏片中心胚人驰入汪油垃通过一体化活动、榜样先锋等培育氛围融文化于情感，形成“涵养-认同-践行”优秀传统文化融入师德培育的机制，对中华优秀传统文化融入书院文化的实践探索与路径构建具有启示价值。
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2022-04-14
Abstract：
Adopting questionnaires to measure the usage of reappraisal and suppression, acceptance, venting, distraction strategies, and through the behavior experiment method to evaluate the strategy choice preference, this study aims to investigate college students on the emotion regulation strategy usage and choice preference if there is a separation phenomenon and trait anxiety in the role of the relationship.
In study 1, a series of emotion regulation questionnaires and GNAT paradigm were used to investigate the usage and choice preference of five emotion regulation strategies and the relationship between them. Seventy-five college students were randomly selected, and 67 valid data were obtained for analysis after excluding invalid questionnaire data and GNAT task data whose accuracy rate was less than 75%. In study 2, participants were assigned to the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-trait) and the top 27% and the bottom 27% of the participants were divided into the high trait anxiety group and the low trait anxiety group according to the score of the STAI-trait from high to low, and the influence of trait anxiety on the correlation between emotion regulation strategy usage and choice preference was investigated.
The results showed that: there were significant differences in the usage and choice preference of the five emotion regulation strategies among college students. Specifically, in the usage of strategies, the frequency of reappraisal and distraction strategies was significantly higher than that of suppression, acceptance and venting strategies, and there was no significant difference between reappraisal and distraction strategies, nor between suppression, acceptance and venting strategies. In terms of strategy choice preference, the choice preference degree of suppression and acceptance strategy is significantly superior to reappraisal and venting strategy, and distraction strategy is also significantly superior to reappraisal strategy. There is no significant correlation between the usage and choice preference of reappraisal, suppression, acceptance, and distraction strategies. However, there was a significant negative correlation between the usage and choice preference of venting strategy, showing no separation phenomenon. Further analysis showed that the usage of venting strategy had a significant regression coefficient on its choice preference. Trait anxiety did not affect the relationship between usage and choice preference of reappraisal, suppression, acceptance, distraction strategy, but affected the relationship between usage and choice preference of venting strategy. Specifically, with the increase of trait anxiety level, the negative correlation between the usage and choice preference of venting strategy decreases, and when the trait anxiety level is high, the venting strategy choice preference may be positively correlated with the venting strategy usage.
The present study revealed the usage and choice preference of reappraisal, suppression, acceptance and distraction strategies were separated, and trait anxiety did not affect the separation effect. However, trait anxiety affected the correlation between venting strategy usage and choice preference.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2021-12-14
Abstract： Forced-choice (FC) test is widely used in non-cognitive tests because it can control the response bias caused by the traditional Likert method, while traditional scoring of forced-choice test produces ipsative data that has been criticized for being unsuitable for inter-individual comparisons. In recent years, the development of multiple forced-choice IRT models that allow researchers to obtain normative information from forced-choice test has re-ignited the interest of researchers and practitioners in forced-choice IRT models. First, the six prevailing forced-choice IRT models are classified and introduced according to the adopted decision models and item response models. Then, the models are compared and summarized from two perspectives: model construction ideology and parameter estimation methods. Next, it reviews the applied research of the model in three aspects: parameter invariance testing, computerized adaptive testing (CAT) and validity study. Finally, it is suggested that future research can move forward in four directions: model expansion, parameter invariance testing, forced-choice CAT, and validity research. "
Subjects: Management Science >> Development and Management of Human Resources submitted time 2021-12-06
Abstract： " In the current age, employees are expected to work proactively in workplaces where the organizational structure is flatter and knowledge updating becomes faster than ever. There is a growing consensus on the importance of proactive behaviors from both scholars and practitioners. Proactive behavior, defined as “an anticipatory action that employees take to impact themselves and/or their environments” is thought to be self-initiated, future-oriented and change-oriented. Evidence showed that employees’ proactive behavior is beneficial for both individual performance and organizational competitiveness. Existing research regarding the impacts of proactive behavior mainly focuses on effectiveness of employees’ own proactive behaviors, such as promoting their job satisfaction or organizational commitment. However, no one is an isolated island. In a team or an organizational environment, employees’ attitudes and behaviors will inevitably be affected by their coworkers. Accordingly, this study focused on coworker proactive behavior and discussed its effectiveness in stimulating employees’ job performance. Drawing upon social learning theory, we hypothesized employee autonomous motivation will mediate the relationship between coworker proactive behavior and employee job performance. We further assumed that whether an employee possesses highly proactive personality determines the odds that employees might be motivated by their proactive coworkers. These hypotheses were tested with a field sample of supervisor-employee dyads and an experimental study. For the field study, we conducted a three-wave research design and achieved 209 valid samples from employees and their supervisors in two high-tech enterprises based in Beijing and Hebei provinces. At Time 1, employees assessed their proactive personality and their coworkers’ proactive behavior, and provided their demographic information. At Time 2 (one month after Time 1), employees were asked to report their autonomous motivation. At Time 3 (two months after Time 1), supervisors provided performance evaluation of employees who engaged in the survey. For the experimental study, we recruited 86 full-time workers from a high-tech company located in Hebei province via its internal communication channel. These respondents were separated into two groups randomly, namely coworkers with high proactive behaviors (N = 74) and coworkers with low proactive behaviors (N = 76). First, respondents were asked to finish a measure of their proactive personality and report their demographics. Then, they were given a scenario, one of which depicted a situation where coworkers were proactive (or not proactive). Finally, after reading the scenario, respondents finished a manipulation check of coworker proactive behavior and reported the degree of their autonomous motivation. We applied confirmatory factor analysis, regression analysis and mixed model via SPSS 23 and Mplus 7.4 to analyze the data. Empirical results supported our hypotheses and indicated the following: (1) Coworker proactive behavior had a significant positive effect on employee autonomous motivation; (2) Employee autonomous motivation played a mediating role in the relationship between coworker proactive behavior and employee job performance; (3) Employee proactive personality played a moderating role in the relationship between coworker proactive behavior and employee autonomous motivation, such that coworker proactive behavior was positively related employee autonomous motivation when employees’ proactive personality was high, while such relationship became negative when employees’ proactive personality was low. This study makes several theoretical and managerial implications. First, by investigating the effectiveness of coworker proactive behavior, this study offers a new insight in proactive behavior research by incorporating the influence of coworker into consideration. Second, by examining the mediating role of employee autonomous motivation, this study enhances our understanding of how coworker proactive behavior translates into employee job performance. Third, by exploring the contingent role of employee proactive personality, this study shows the boundary condition under which employees are more likely to be motivated by their proactive coworkers.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-10-19 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： [目的/意义] 中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发的《关于加强中国特色新型智库建设的意见》指出，中国特色新型智库需要加强对外传播能力，要运用大众媒体等多种手段传播主流思想价值，集聚社会正能量。研究中国特色新型智库传播方法、传播途径具有重要的意义。[方法/过程] 本文从智库的角度，分析了TED的起源、发展、传播，特别是其组织模式创新带来的飞速发展，进而提出中国智库可以借鉴的方面。[结果/结论] 新时代下，中国特色新型智库在组织创新、选题、质量、传播渠道方面应加强思考，以确保其可持续发展，与中国特色大国地位相匹配。
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-07-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：古紫质4(Archaerhodopsin 4, aR4)是新近发现的古生菌Halobacterium species xz515红膜上唯一的光敏视黄醛蛋白，具有和细菌视紫红质(Bacteriorhodopsin, bR)相似的质子泵功能，但在中性pH条件下，其质子释放和摄取顺序与bR相反。针对质子供体天冬氨酸97(Aspartic acid 97, D97)对aR4光循环、特别是对质子释放摄取顺序和菌株ATP生成率的影响，采用基因定点突变技术，构建了aR4的单突变体D97N，以及相对应的bR单突变体D96N。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱和闪光动力学光谱技术初步研究突变对视黄醛键合区、光反应中间态M态和O态、质子泵功能以及菌株ATP生成率的影响。结果表明，D97N突变对视黄醛紫外-可见光吸收波长没有太大影响，但造成M态衰减时间的显著延长、质子泵功能的消失以及菌株ATP的生成率大幅降低。与bR中的D96作用相比，D97对aR4质子功能的影响有所不同，这可能与D97所处的一个更为疏水性的胞外侧环境有关。
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-07-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：谷氨酰胺转胺酶（TGase）的产量不足的问题一直限制其工业化生产规模，故采用基因组重排的方法，筛选高产谷氨酰胺转胺酶菌株。通过对不同制备条件下原生质体纯度和形成率的考量，获得制备原生质体的最优条件为以6mg/mL的溶菌酶浓度进行酶解，酶解时间2h。再优化融合条件，以2min紫外灭活和40min热灭活结合的方法挑选出融合子。通过两轮基因组重排，经过96孔板发酵高通量筛选和摇瓶发酵复筛验证，获得了一株产酶达7.12U/mL的茂源链霉菌，相比最初选用菌株的平均酶活提高65.5%。发酵结果显示，酶活提高的原因可能是在重组后原酶成熟更快更彻底，且得到的菌株遗传稳定性良好。证明基因组重排能够有效提高菌株的产酶水平，同时为谷氨酰胺转胺酶产量提高提供理论依据。
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Plant ecology, plant geography submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract： Aims The concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has considerably increased over last century and is set to rise further. Forest ecosystems play a key role in reducing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and mitigating global climate change. Our objective is to understand carbon storage and its distribution in forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China. Methods By using the 8th forest resource inventory data and 2011–2012 field investigation data, we estimated carbon storage, density and its distribution in forest ecosystems of Zhejiang Province. Important findings The carbon storage of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province was 602.73 Tg, of which 122.88 Tg in tree layer, 16.73 Tg in shrub-herb layer, 11.36 Tg in litter layer and 451.76 Tg in soil layer accounting for 20.39%, 2.78%, 1.88% and 74.95% of the total carbon storage, respectively. The carbon storage of mixed broadleaved forests was 138.03 Tg which ranked the largest (22.91%) among all forest types. The young and middle aged forests which accounted for 70.66% of the total carbon storage were the main body of carbon storage in Zhejiang Province. The carbon density of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province was 120.80 t·hm–2 and that in tree layer, shrub-herb layer, litter layer and soil layer were 24.65 t·hm–2, 3.36 t·hm–2, 2.28 t·hm–2 and 90.51 t·hm–2, respectively. The significant relationship between soil organic carbon storage and forest ecosystem carbon storage indicates that soil carbon played an important role in shaping forest ecosystem carbon density. Carbon density of tree layer increased with age in natural forests, but decreased in the order over-mature >near-mature >mature >middle-aged >young forest in plantations. The proportions of young and middle aged forests were larger than any other age classes. Thereby, the carbon storage of forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province could be increased through a proper forest management.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment
YES