Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-05-31 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： To provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents（PBICR），this paper introduces its background and features from four aspects. In terms of design concepts，PBICR focuses on many aspects of mental health and health behaviours in the Chinese population，takes full account of timeliness and efficiency，adheres to the original intention of data openness and data sharing，builds a high-quality database with a large-sample，multi-centre，repetitive，nationwide cross-sectional design，and promotes data mining and exchange and cooperation; in terms of survey implementation，PBICR adopts a proportional to the size of the population，a combination of multilayer sampling and quota sampling，obtains data through face-to-face field surveys，and implements a rigorous sampling methodology. In terms of survey implementation，PBICR adopts a combination of population size-proportional，multistage random sampling and quota sampling sampling，and obtains data through face-to-face field surveys with strict quality control to ensure the representativeness and reliability of the samples; in terms of output，PBICR's research content is rich and updated in line with international hotspots，which can satisfy the demand for research on diversified variables and data，and the results of its past research have a higher influence in many fields such as public health，management，communication，and psychology; Looking ahead，PBICR will gradually complete the construction of databases from the general database to sub-databases，pay attention to special populations and a wide range of regions around the world，add tracking surveys and biomedical data research perspectives，and have great research potential to drive research on the mental and behavioural health of Chinese residents through the overall layout of the multi-dimensional.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
ZHANG, Xing
DONG, Jing
GUO, Yi
XU, Jianwei
BAI, Yamin
LIU, Min
ZHANG, Xiaochang
GUO, Xiaolei
MA, Jixiang
SUN, Xinying
Abstract： Background The prevalence of hypertension among Chinese residents is high while the control rate is low. It has been suggested by numerous epidemiologic studies that reducing salt intake could reduce blood pressure level. Therefore，it is significant for health management of residents and reducing social burden to explore determinants of salt-reduction behavior among residents. Objective To explore the predisposing，reinforcing and enabling factors of salt-reduction behavior among Shandong residents based on the PRECEDE model，and provide scientific suggestions for the subsequent salt-reduction campaign. Methods This study was a mixed methods research. A total of 114 residents were interviewed in 2016 and 2018 by using purposive sampling method. The interview guide mainly contained attitudes to salt control，difficulties encountered and assistance received during salt control. The quantitative data were obtained from the database of terminal survey of Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension（SMASH），and the sample of eastern as well as central-southern Shandong from the database was selected into this research. The part related to hypertension among this survey was selected from the database，and a total of 6 697 research objects were finally selected. Results The results of multinomial Logistic regression showed that gender, occupation and education level have an impact on the compliance of salt reduction behavior controlling for the effect of other variables（P<0.05）. Personal taste, salt reduction knowledge and attitude towards low-salt diet have an impact on salt reduction behavior compliance while controlling for the effect of personal general conditions（P<0.05）. Physician intervention could reinforce salt-reduction behavior in residents. The health education of medical personnel could not only enhance the salt-reduction behavior and awareness of hypertensive patients，but also strengthen the supervision of family members. Through enhancing family members' salt-reduction behavior and awareness，and finally promoting salt reduction among residents. Supervision by family members in daily life can strengthen salt-reduction behavior of the residents. SMASH had formulated policies involved in the project promoting，catering industry，food industry and health education about salt-reduction，which playing very important role in creating strong salt-reduction environment. The salt-restriction spoon was the most important low-salt product in affecting residents' salt-reduction behavior，while the impact of low-salt food and low-sodium salt in reducing salt intake was weakened because of the poor accessibility. Mass media promotion was the main way for residents to obtain information on salt reduction. Television and promotion in public places were the more visible forms of mass communication currently. Conclusion Attitude towards low-salt diet and knowledge are predisposing factors of residents' salt-reduction behavior. Exhortation of doctors and reminding from family members were reinforcing factors，which can help residents to start out reducing salt intake and also reinforcing salt-reduction behavior. The salt-reduction environment was created by policies regarding salt-reduction and mass communication，products regarding salt restriction were essential tools for reducing salt intake，which are enabling factors.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-08-02 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Health literacy is closely associated with health status，most domestic studies tend to use multidimensional and multi-item tools for assessing health literacy，lacking simple and effective assessment methods. Objective To simplify health literacy scale and conduct psychometric test within the Chinese population. Methods Adults aged 18 years and above were selected from the "China Family Health Index Survey （2021）" for this investigation. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria，a total of 7 449 participants were selected and randomly divided into two sample sets，including 3 680 cases in sample set 1 and 3 769 cases in sample set 2. The general information questionnaire，short-form health literacy questionnaire（HLS-SF12），perception social support scale（PSSS），and family health scale short-form（FHS-SF） were administered to the respondents. Classical test theory（CTT） and the Mokken model in item response theory（IRT） were used to screen the original items，and validation analyses such as reliability and validity of the simplified scales were also conducted. Results A 9-item version （HLS-SF9） and a 4-item version（HLS-SF4） were simplified by using CTT and the Mokken model，respectively. Both the HLS-SF9 and the HLS-SF4 had no ceiling effect or floor effect，and the Cronbach's α coefficients for both were 0.913 and 0.842，with split-half reliabilities of 0.871 and 0.815，respectively. The exploratory factor analysis of HLS-SF4 revealed one common factor，accounting for 67.813% of the cumulative variance，with factor loadings exceeding 0.81 for each item. The confirmatory factor analysis of HLS-SF9 showed that χ2 /df was 10.844，goodness of fit index（GFI） was 0.985，adjusted goodness of fit index（AGFI） was 0.971，normative fit index（NFI） was 0.986，comparative fit index（CFI） was 0.987，and root mean squared error of approximation （RMSEA） was 0.051. The correlation analysis demonstrated positive correlation of HLS-SF9 and HLS-SF4 with PSSS（r=0.367，0.292，P<0.001），as well as FHS-SF（r=0.340，0.237，P<0.001），respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients（ICC）（95%CI） for the criterion validity of HLS-SF9 against HLS-SF12 was 0.989 （0.988，0.999），while for HLS-SF4 against HLS-SF12 was 0.892（0.886，0.899）. Conclusion The simplified health literacy scales have good reliability and validity，which are reliable and effective tools for assessing the health literacy of the Chinese population. Researchers can choose the scale according to the needs of research precision（HLS-SF9） or assessment time（HLS-SF4）.
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2022-12-06
Abstract：
Objective Simplify health literacy scales and conduct psychometric tests in Chinese cohorts. Methods A total of 7449 residents were included in the evaluation of the scale, and the data were randomly generated into 2 data sets for de Results A 9-item version of the scale (HLS-SF9) and a 4-item version of the scale (HLS-SF4) were simplified using CTT and the Mokken model, respectively.The Cronbach’s α coefficients of HLS-SF9 and HLS-SF4 were 0.913 and 0.842, HLS-SF4 was tested for one common factor by exploratory factor analysis(EFA), and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) of HLS-SF9 showed that all the fitness indicators of its three-dimension model were excellent. And there was a significant positive correlation between the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Family Health Scale Short-Form as the calibration scale (r=0.367, p<0.001; r=0.292, p<0.001) (r=0.340, p<0.001; r=0.266, p<0.001), indicating good empirical validity. At the same time, HLS-SF9 and HLS-SF4 are highly consistent with the content measured by the original version of the scale. Conclusions The simplified Health Literacy Scales have good reliability and validity, and are reliable and effective tools for quickly assessing the health literacy of Chinese people.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2022-11-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract：
This study outlines statistical methods and practical steps for the design and development of valid and reliable questionnaires within the primary health care domain. A series of studies on questionnaire development and scale design are reviewed and a standard process for scale design within the primary care domain is developed. The process addresses key practical steps in the scale design process as well as statistical methods, and is illustrated by examples from previous relevant studies within the field. We suggest the following seven-step approach to primary health care questionnaire development: (1) defining the conceptions to be measured; (2) generating the pool of items; (3) selecting the scoring system and response format; (4) pretesting (assessing content validity and face validity, etc.); (5) eliminating items by item analysis; (6) initial evaluation of the scale, including reliability evaluation of the scale, and factor analysis or Rasch analysis; (7) re-evaluation of the scale, which reexamines the nature of the scale, including retest reliability and construct validity. In general, scale design type of studies should strictly follow the standard steps of scale development, and the integrated use of Rasch model and factor analysis will make the results of measurement more objective.
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