Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： To comprehensively evaluate the alterations in water ecosystem service functions within arid watersheds, this study focused on the Bosten Lake Basin, which is situated in the arid region of Northwest China. The research was based on land use/land cover (LULC), natural, socioeconomic, and accessibility data, utilizing the Patch-level Land Use Simulation (PLUS) and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) models to dynamically assess LULC change and associated variations in water yield and water conservation. The analyses included the evaluation of contribution indices of various land use types and the investigation of driving factors that influence water yield and water conservation. The results showed that the change of LULC in the Bosten Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020 showed a trend of increasing in cultivated land and construction land, and decreasing in grassland, forest, and unused land. The unused land of all the three predicted scenarios of 2030 (S1, a natural development scenario; S2, an ecological protection scenario; and S3, a cultivated land protection scenario) showed a decreasing trend. The scenarios S1 and S3 showed a trend of decreasing in grassland and increasing in cultivated land; while the scenario S2 showed a trend of decreasing in cultivated land and increasing in grassland. The water yield of the Bosten Lake Basin exhibited an initial decline followed by a slight increase from 2000 to 2020. The areas with higher water yield values were primarily located in the northern section of the basin, which is characterized by higher altitude. Water conservation demonstrated a pattern of initial decrease followed by stabilization, with the northeastern region demonstrating higher water conservation values. In the projected LULC scenarios of 2030, the estimated water yield under scenarios S1 and S3 was marginally greater than that under scenario S2; while the level of water conservation across all three scenarios remained rather consistent. The results showed that Hejing County is an important water conservation function zone, and the eastern part of the Xiaoyouledusi Basin is particularly important and should be protected. The findings of this study offer a scientific foundation for advancing sustainable development in arid watersheds and facilitating efficient water resource management.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geology submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Quantifying surface cracks in alpine meadows is a prerequisite and a key aspect in the study of grassland crack development. Crack characterization indices are crucial for the quantitative characterization of complex cracks, serving as vital factors in assessing the degree of cracking and the development morphology. So far, research on evaluating the degree of grassland degradation through crack characterization indices is rare, especially the quantitative analysis of the development of surface cracks in alpine meadows is relatively scarce. Therefore, based on the phenomenon of surface cracking during the degradation of alpine meadows in some regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we selected the alpine meadow in the Huangcheng Mongolian Township, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai Province, China as the study area, used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sensing technology to acquire low-altitude images of alpine meadow surface cracks at different degrees of degradation (light, medium, and heavy degradation), and analyzed the representative metrics characterizing the degree of crack development by interpreting the crack length, length density, branch angle, and burrow (rat hole) distribution density and combining them with in situ crack width and depth measurements. Finally, the correlations between the crack characterization indices and the soil and root parameters of sample plots at different degrees of degradation in the study area were analyzed using the grey relation analysis. The results revealed that with the increase of degradation, the physical and chemical properties of soil and the mechanical properties of root-soil composite changed significantly, the vegetation coverage reduced, and the root system aggregated in the surface layer of alpine meadow. As the degree of degradation increased, the fracture morphology developed from "linear" to "dendritic", and eventually to a complex and irregular "polygonal" pattern. The crack length, width, depth, and length density were identified as the crack characterization indices via analysis of variance. The results of grey relation analysis also revealed that the crack length, width, depth, and length density were all highly correlated with root length density, and as the degradation of alpine meadows intensified, the underground biomass increased dramatically, forming a dense layer of grass felt, which has a significant impact on the formation and expansion of cracks.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Nature reserves play a significant role in providing ecosystem services and are key sites for biodiversity conservation. The Tianchi Bogda Peak Natural Reserve (TBPNR), located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, is an important ecological barrier area in the temperate arid zone. The evaluation of its important ecosystem services is of great significance to improve the management level and ecological protection efficiency of the reserve. In the present study, we assessed the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services (including net primary productivity (NPP), water yield, soil conservation, and habitat quality) in the TBPNR from 2000 to 2020 based on the environmental and social data using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model. In addition, the coldspot and hotspot areas of ecosystem services were identified by hotspot analysis, and the trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services were analyzed using factor analysis in a geographic detector. During the study period, NPP and soil conservation values in the reserve increased by 48.20% and 25.56%, respectively; conversely, water yield decreased by 16.56%, and there was no significant change in habitat quality. Spatially, both NPP and habitat quality values were higher in the northern part and lower in the southern part, whereas water yield showed an opposite trend. Correlation analysis revealed that NPP showed a synergistic relationship with habitat quality and soil conservation, and exhibited a trade-off relationship with water yield. Water yield and habitat quality also had a trade-off relationship. NPP and habitat quality were affected by annual average temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), respectively, while water yield and soil conservation were more affected by digital elevation model (DEM). Therefore, attention should be paid to the spatial distribution and dynamics of trade-off and synergistic relationships between ecosystem services in future ecological management. The findings of the present study provide a reference that could facilitate the sustainable utilization of ecosystem services in the typical fragile areas of Northwest China.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Understanding the dynamics of surface water area and their drivers is crucial for human survival and ecosystem stability in inland arid and semi-arid areas. This study took Gansu Province, China, a typical area with complex terrain and variable climate, as the research subject. Based on Google Earth Engine, we used Landsat data and the Open-surface Water Detection Method with Enhanced Impurity Control method to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province from 1985 to 2022, and quantitatively analyzed the main causes of regional differences in surface water area. The findings revealed that surface water area in Gansu Province expanded by 406.88 km2 from 1985 to 2022. Seasonal surface water area exhibited significant fluctuations, while permanent surface water area showed a steady increase. Notably, terrestrial water storage exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, correlated with the dynamics of surface water area. Climate change and human activities jointly affected surface hydrological processes, with the impact of climate change being slightly higher than that of human activities. Spatially, climate change affected the 'source' of surface water to a greater extent, while human activities tended to affect the 'destination' of surface water. Challenges of surface water resources faced by inland arid and semi-arid areas like Gansu Province are multifaceted. Therefore, we summarized the surface hydrology patterns typical in inland arid and semi-arid areas and tailored surface water 'supply-demand' balance strategies. The study not only sheds light on the dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, but also offers valuable insights for ecological protection and surface water resource management in inland arid and semi-arid areas facing water scarcity.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) plays a crucial role in determining plant physiological functions and exerts a substantial influence on vegetation, second only to carbon dioxide (CO2). As a robust indicator of atmospheric water demand, VPD has implications for global water resources, and its significance extends to the structure and functioning of ecosystems. However, the influence of VPD on vegetation growth under climate change remains unclear in China. This study employed empirical equations to estimate the VPD in China from 2000 to 2020 based on meteorological reanalysis data of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time-Series version 4.06 (TS4.06) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis 5 (ERA-5). Vegetation growth status was characterized using three vegetation indices, namely gross primary productivity (GPP), leaf area index (LAI), and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv). The spatiotemporal dynamics of VPD and vegetation indices were analyzed using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall test. Furthermore, the influence of VPD on vegetation growth and its relative contribution were assessed using a multiple linear regression model. The results indicated an overall negative correlation between VPD and vegetation indices. Three VPD intervals for the correlations between VPD and vegetation indices were identified: a significant positive correlation at VPD below 4.820 hPa, a significant negative correlation at VPD within 4.820–9.000 hPa, and a notable weakening of negative correlation at VPD above 9.000 hPa. VPD exhibited a pronounced negative impact on vegetation growth, surpassing those of temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation in absolute magnitude. CO2 contributed most positively to vegetation growth, with VPD offsetting approximately 30.00% of the positive effect of CO2. As the rise of VPD decelerated, its relative contribution to vegetation growth diminished. Additionally, the intensification of spatial variations in temperature and precipitation accentuated the spatial heterogeneity in the impact of VPD on vegetation growth in China. This research provides a theoretical foundation for addressing climate change in China, especially regarding the challenges posed by increasing VPD
Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas that has a substantial impact on global warming due to its substantial influence on the greenhouse effect. Increasing extreme precipitation events, such as drought, attributable to global warming that caused by greenhouse gases, exert a profound impact on the intricate biological processes associated with CH4 uptake. Notably, the timing of extreme drought occurrence emerges as a pivotal factor influencing CH4 uptake, even when the degree of drought remains constant. However, it is still unclear how the growing season regulates the response of CH4 uptake to extreme drought. In an effort to bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a field manipulative experiment to evaluate the impact of extreme drought on CH4 uptake during early, middle, and late growing stages in a temperate steppe of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. The result showed that all extreme drought consistently exerted positive effects on CH4 uptake regardless of seasonal timing. However, the magnitude of this effect varied depending on the timing of season, as evidenced by a stronger effect in early growing stage than in middle and late growing stages. Besides, the pathways of CH4 uptake were different from seasonal timing. Extreme drought affected soil physical-chemical properties and aboveground biomass (AGB), consequently leading to changes in CH4 uptake. The structural equation model showed that drought both in the early and middle growing stages enhanced CH4 uptake due to reduced soil water content (SWC), leading to a decrease in NO3–-N and an increase in pmoA abundance. However, drought in late growing stage primarily enhanced CH4 uptake only by decreasing SWC. Our results suggested that seasonal timing significantly contributed to regulate the impacts of extreme drought pathways and magnitudes on CH4 uptake. The findings can provide substantial implications for understanding how extreme droughts affect CH4 uptake and improve the prediction of potential ecological consequence under future climate change.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Over the last three decades, more than half of the world's large lakes and wetlands have experienced significant shrinkage, primarily due to climate change and extensive water consumption for agriculture and other human needs. The desiccation of lakes leads to severe environmental, economic, and social repercussions. Urmia Lake, located in northwestern Iran and representing a vital natural ecosystem, has experienced a volume reduction of over 90.0%. Our research evaluated diverse water management strategies within the Urmia Lake basin and prospects of inter-basin water transfers. This study focused on strategies to safeguard the environmental water rights of the Urmia Lake by utilizing the modeling and simulating (MODSIM) model. The model simulated changes in the lake's water volume under various scenarios. These included diverting water from incoming rivers, cutting agricultural water use by 40.0%, releasing dam water in non-agricultural seasons, treated wastewater utilization, and inter-basin transfers. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized to analyze the simulation results. Expert opinions with AHP analysis, acted as a multi-criteria decision-making tool to evaluate the simulation and determine the optimal water supply source priority for the Urmia Lake. Our findings underscore the critical importance of reducing agricultural water consumption as the foremost step in preserving the lake. Following this, inter-basin water transfers are suggested, with a detailed consideration of the inherent challenges and limitations faced by the source watersheds. It is imperative to conduct assessments on the impacts of these transfers on the downstream users and the potential environmental risks, advocating for a diplomatic and cooperative approach with adjacent country. This study also aims to forecast the volumes of water that can be transferred under different climatic conditions—drought, normal, and wet years—to inform strategic water management planning for the Urmia Lake. According to our projection, implementing the strategic scenarios outlined could significantly augment the lake's level and volume, potentially by 3.57×109–9.38×109 m3 over the coming 10 a and 3.57×109–10.70×109 m3 in the subsequent 15 a.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2024-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Stable water isotopes are natural tracers quantifying the contribution of moisture recycling to local precipitation, i.e., the moisture recycling ratio, but various isotope-based models usually lead to different results, which affects the accuracy of local moisture recycling. In this study, a total of 18 stations from four typical areas in China were selected to compare the performance of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models and to determine local moisture recycling ratio. Among the three vapor sources including advection, transpiration, and surface evaporation, the advection vapor usually played a dominant role, and the contribution of surface evaporation was less than that of transpiration. When the abnormal values were ignored, the arithmetic averages of differences between isotope-based linear and the Bayesian mixing models were 0.9% for transpiration, 0.2% for surface evaporation, and –1.1% for advection, respectively, and the medians were 0.5%, 0.2%, and –0.8%, respectively. The importance of transpiration was slightly less for most cases when the Bayesian mixing model was applied, and the contribution of advection was relatively larger. The Bayesian mixing model was found to perform better in determining an efficient solution since linear model sometimes resulted in negative contribution ratios. Sensitivity test with two isotope scenarios indicated that the Bayesian model had a relatively low sensitivity to the changes in isotope input, and it was important to accurately estimate the isotopes in precipitation vapor. Generally, the Bayesian mixing model should be recommended instead of a linear model. The findings are useful for understanding the performance of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models under various climate backgrounds.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2024-06-21
Abstract： With the development of pre-trained language models(PLMs), the methods have been immediately applied to the field classification of scientific and technological literature. They make the much more better performance than the traditional Natural Language Processing methods in similar tasks. The Scientific and Technological Achievements are similar to the literature. Both of them have the highly concise titles, and detailed introductions. At the same time, there are unique features of Scientific and Technological Achievements, e.g. the introduction will introduce the origination and background of the project, the application status, the awards, etc., while the literatures are usually highly focused on the research content. This feature makes it much more difficult to make correct predictions based on PLMs classification methods. Based on the pre-trained BERT model(RoBERTa), we have constructed an automatic Indexing system of Chinese Library Classification for the Scientific and Technological Achievements. We introduced a decoding method to enhance the prediction process, which is inspired by the generative Large Language Models. The method converts the original classification problem to a decoding problem, which not only improves the accuracy of prediction, but also enables dynamic predictions to the required levels. To meet the requirements of accuracy, thresholds can be set on the accumulated probability of predicted chain and its terminal node to make trade-offs between reliability and depth of the classification tree.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2024-06-20
Abstract： This article summarizes the nursing rounds experience of a patient with cerebral infarction who received early rehabilitation training. The responsible nurse and the supervising doctor will introduce the patient’s condition and treatment situation, and the members of the ward round team will jointly analyze and discuss the existing doubts anddifficuties，and develop corresponding nursing measures. Assisting patients in restoring their self-care abilities and improving their quality of life through a nursing model that combines traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Systemic inflammatory response index（SIRI）is an emerging biomarker associated with ischemic stroke（IS），but its correlation with recurrent IS remains unclear. Objective To investigate the correlation between SIRI and one-year recurrence of IS. Methods Patients diagnosed with IS and hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University，the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University，the Second Hospital of Nanchang，and the Third Hospital of Nanchang between March 2019 and March 2021 were enrolled into the cohort. All patients were followed up for one year. Relevant clinical information within 48 hours of admission was collected. The recurrence of IS was recorded during the 1-year follow-up. The correlation between SIRI and one-year recurrence of IS was examined using Cox regression model，restricted cubic splines（RCS），and subgroup analysis. Results A total of 1 023 eligible patients were enrolled in the cohort，including 107（10.46%）experiencing a recurrence of IS during the one-year follow-up period. After adjusting for confounders，multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that an elevated SIRI was a risk factor for IS recurrence（HR=1.06，95%CI=1.01-1.10）. Categorized into quartiles，patients in the highest quartile（fourth quartile，Q4 subgroup，n=256）of SIRI exhibited a significantly higher risk of IS recurrence compared to those in the lowest quartile（first quartile，Q1 subgroup，n=256）（HR=1.80，95%CI=1.08-3.00）. RCS analysis demonstrated a J-shaped dose-response relationship between SIRI and the risk of IS recurrence（P-Nonlinear=0.025）. Subgroup analyses stratified by gender，age，history of stroke，and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale（NIHSS）score at admission were performed. A significant correlation was identified between SIRI and NIHSS score（P<0.001）. Specifically，for patients with an NIHSS score of 0-1 point，an elevated SIRI was significantly correlated with an increased risk of IS recurrence（HR=1.25，95%CI=1.04-1.51，P=0.020）. For those with an NIHSS score of 5-15 points，an elevated SIRI was significantly correlated with a higher recurrence risk（HR=1.20，95%CI=1.12-1.28，P<0.001）.It was indicated that a higher SIRI was significantly correlated with an increased risk of IS recurrence within these score ranges. Conclusion A higher SIRI is significantly correlated with an increased risk of IS recurrence. A J-shaped association is observed between SIRI and IS recurrence risk. Notably，in IS patients with NIHSS scores of 0-1 and 5-15，elevated SIRI is significantly correlated with an increased risk of recurrence.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-06-20
Abstract： Large quantities of suboptimal food, which contain defects but are perfectly safe for consumption, are wasted. Commercializing suboptimal food has become an important strategy in reducing food waste. However, experimental outcomes regarding the effectiveness of marketing intervention strategies for suboptimal food have exhibited inconsistency. This study adopted a meta-analysis approach to review empirical research on marketing intervention strategies for suboptimal food. It examined the effectiveness of cognitive-oriented and affective-oriented marketing intervention strategies in influencing consumer evaluations and purchase intentions towards suboptimal food. Additionally, the study aimed to identify variables that may impact the effectiveness of these strategies. In total, 32 relevant primary studies were included, comprising 94 effect sizes from 57 independent samples. The study showed that both cognitive-oriented and affective-oriented marketing intervention strategies can effectively improve consumers’ positive evaluations and willingness to purchase suboptimal food with a moderate level of efficacy. Moreover, affective-oriented strategies demonstrated a better intervention effect compared to cognitive-oriented ones. Factors such as suboptimal food characteristics, marketing features, and customer characteristics were found to moderate the effectiveness of these interventions. This study provided valuable insights for food-related enterprises and food policy makers regarding the effectiveness of marketing interventions for suboptimal food.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
MA Ning1 ，ZHAO Yang1*，LYU Shaobo1 ，ZHANG Haodong1 ，WANG Changming2 ，MENG Jie1
ZHAO Yang
LYU Shaobo
ZHANG Haodong
WANG Changming
MENG Jie
Abstract： Background The sleep characteristics of school-age children have a crucial impact on the development of emotional and behavioral problems. Sleep characteristics also play a role in the development of executive function in school#2;age children. There is a close relationship between the emergence of emotional and behavioral problems and the development of executive function in these children. Currently，there are few studies on the mediating effect of the relationship between sleep characteristics，executive function，and emotional and behavioral problems in school-age children. Objective To explore the relationship between sleep characteristics，executive function，and emotional and behavioral problems in school-age children，and to examine the mediating role of executive function in the relationship between sleep characteristics and emotional and behavioral problems. Methods From August 21 to October 8，2021，a convenience sampling method was used to select 516 school-age children from grades 1 to 6 in Xiwu Primary School and the Fourth Experimental Primary School in Shexian County，Handan City，Hebei Province. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire（CSHQ），the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire（SDQ），and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function（BRIEF） were used to assess the sleep characteristics，emotional and behavioral problems，and executive function of the school-age children，respectively. Correlation analysis，regression analysis，and mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS 27.0 and the PROCESSv4.1 plugin. Results A total of 516 questionnaires were distributed，and 496 valid questionnaires were recovered，with an effective recovery rate of 96.1%. Correlation analysis showed that the total score of the CSHQ was negatively correlated with the Behavioral Regulation Index（BRI），Metacognition Index（MI），inhibition，shifting，emotional control，task initiation，working memory，planning，organization，and monitoring factors of the BRIEF（P<0.001）. The total score of the SDQ was positively correlated with the BRI，MI，inhibition，shifting，emotional control，task initiation，working memory，planning，organization，and monitoring factors of the BRIEF（P<0.001）. Forced entry method results showed that sleep characteristics negatively predicted emotional and behavioral problems（B=-0.15，t=-5.33，P<0.01），while executive function positively predicted emotional and behavioral problems（B=0.13，t=20.88，P<0.01）. Mediation analysis showed that when executive function，BRI，and MI were used as mediating variables，there was a complete mediating effect between sleep characteristics and emotional and behavioral problems in children. The 95% CI for both the main effect and the indirect effect did not include 0（P<0.001），and the 95% CI for the direct effect included 0（P>0.05）. Conclusion There is a close relationship between sleep characteristics，executive function，and emotional and behavioral problems in school-age children. Executive function has a complete mediating effect on the relationship between sleep characteristics and emotional and behavioral problems. This finding emphasizes the importance of good sleep for the behavioral and emotional well-being of school-age children and provides new perspectives and intervention approaches for enhancing executive function and overall development in school-age children.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-20
Abstract： Psychological and brain science study human behavior and the human brain by study volunteers who participate these studies. Given the mind and behavior of participants influenced by their own biological and social factors, the generalizability of findings in these fields largely depends on the representativeness of samples. However, the representativeness of samples in psychological and brain science has long been criticized as WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic). In recent years, several meta-researches have surveyed the representativeness of samples in published studies across different subfields, but the overall understanding of sample representativeness in psychological and brain science is lacking. In this review, we analyze these meta-researches to provide a more comprehensive perspective on the current state of sample representativeness in the field.
Two major issues were found in these meta-researches. First, much important sample information was never reported in the published studies. Most psychological and brain science studies reported participants’ gender, age, and country, while participants’ race/ethnicity, education level, and socioeconomic status were less commonly reported. Other important demographic variables, such as rural/urban, were reported completely ignored. And from a temporal perspective, the reporting of these demographic variables has increased only slightly in recent years compared to the past. The current situation of neglect in reporting demographic information has not fundamentally changed.
Second, based on the reported information, the current sample in the field is far from being representative of the world population: most participants are young, highly educated Caucasian females in Western countries; middle-aged and older, less educated, disadvantaged people in and outside Western countries are less likely to be studied. In terms of countries, African, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries appear fewer in psychological and brain science research.
These two issues may be due to the following reasons: convenience sampling as the main sampling method; Western researchers dominating the research of psychology and brain science, with most of the editors-in-chief, editorial board members, and authors coming from Europe and America; traditionally, psychology and brain science under-valued the effect of culture and various demographic factors; the assumption that findings from Western participants can be generalized to all human beings. Addressing the issue of sample representativeness in psychological and brain sciences requires a concerted effort by researchers, academic societies, journals, and funding agencies: Researchers should collect and report detailed demographic information about participants, state the limitations of generalizability, and use sampling methods that can increase representativeness whenever possible (e.g., probability sampling); academic societies should raise the awareness of the representativeness issues by organizing more academic symposium or workshops on this topic; journals should increase the representativeness of editorial board members and encourage more rigorous research with samples from underrepresented groups or studies that examine the generalizability of important findings; funding agencies can encourage researchers to pay more attention to study groups from underrepresented countries, and provide financial support for studying hard-to-research population. Improving sample representativeness will enhance the application of psychological and brain science knowledge to real-life setting and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-06-20
Abstract： The self plays a significant role in shaping social interactions, often capturing attention due to an inherent preference for stimuli related to the self. However, the mechanisms that govern attention in this context remain not fully elucidated. Research has suggested that the self holds social salience, potentially underpinning the prioritization of self-related information in attentional processes. Yet, other studies indicate that the self may not bias attention as automatically as physiologically salient stimuli, implying that self-related cues do not influence attention at an early, pre-attentive stage. We hypothesize that the self might enhance the salience of meaning post the initial perceptual phase, rather than affecting spatial prominence at an early stage. The current study is designed to investigate how neutral stimuli linked to an individual’s self impact selective attention processing, thereby illuminating the mechanisms of self-biased attentional processes. We conducted three experiments, each enlisting 24-25 college students. Initially, participants were engaged in an associative learning task, where they associated labels for themselves (’you’), familiar others (’friend’), or strangers (’stranger’) with neutral colors (Experiments 1 and 2) or abstract symbols (Experiment 3). Subsequently, they were tasked with identifying which labels matched the given neutral stimuli. We then employed the dual-rectangle cuing paradigm to distinguish between space-based and object-based attention, with the neutral stimuli serving as the target-irrelevant dimension, allowing us to examine the influence of self-association on selective attention. In addition to behavioral responses, we utilized the Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Model (HDDM) to dissect the decision-making process. Experiment 1 revealed that processing associated with the self primarily affects object-based selective attention. The object-based effect—calculated by the difference between the same and different object conditions—was diminished or absent when targets contained self- or friend-associated stimuli, compared to those with stranger-associated stimuli. However, the space-based effect—determined by the difference between valid and invalid cueing conditions—did not significantly vary among the three social identities. Experiment 2 replicated this finding, even when the associative learning context was different from the cueing task, thereby ruling out the impact of context familiarity. Experiment 3, which used abstract symbols for identity association and colors for task stimuli in the cueing task, did not find a significant effect of self-related information on object-based attention. Further analysis indicated that the influence of self-association on object-based attention was only evident among participants with longer reaction times. These results suggest that the activation of self-representation can be essential for modulating object-based attention. Moreover, the HDDM analysis indicated that the impact of self-related information on object-based selective attention predominantly occurs during the stimulus encoding stage. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that self-associated stimuli, when task-irrelevant, regulate object-based selective attention over space-based selective attention, consistently across varying experimental contexts. This research uncovers a critical distinction between object-based and space-based attention in the realm of self-associated processing, offering new insights into the complex dynamics of attentional mechanisms related to the self. It not only deepens our understanding of the self’s influence on cognitive processes but also paves the way for future explorations in this domain.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The purpose of this study was to investigate the novelty and particularly of the culturable bacteria in seagrass beds and study its antibacterial activity. A total of nine rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the seagrass bed ecosystems in Pearl Bay and Yuzhouping, Fangchenggang City. Five different isolation medias were used to isolate and purify the culturable bacteria using the dilution spread plate method. The bacterial species were identified through PCR amplification and 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibacterial activity against four human pathogenic bacteria (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. aureu and Acinetobacter baumanii) were screened with Kirby-Bauer method. The results were as follows: (1)42 culturable bacteria were isolated, belonging to 14 genera and 13 families, which included Streptomyces, Vibrio, Bacillus, Shewanella, Microbacterium, Brevibacteriu, Staphylococcus, Sphingomona, Rothia, Psychrobacter, Pseudonocardia, Photobacterium, Halomonas, and Escherichia. The genus Streptomyces was the dominant bacterium. (2)Antibacterial activity showed that six bacterial exhibited strong inhibitory activity against at least two or more human pathogenic bacteria, which included Vibrio (1 bacteria), Rothia (1 bacteria), and Streptomyces (4 bacteria). The studies have shown that there are abundant resources of culturable bacterium and several bacteria has the potential antibacterial activity especially Streptomyces, which can provide a new source for the research and development of new antibiotics drugs.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Understanding the dynamics of community structure and species diversity in evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests can provide a scientific foundation for effective forest management. To analyze data from two surveys conducted in 2015 and 2022, we employed species α diversity index, β diversity index, principal coordinate analysis, and spatial point pattern analysis. Our study focused on three 1 ha communities at different elevations to investigate changes in species composition, species diversity and diameter at breast height (DBH) structure characteristics while exploring the causes of tree mortality. The results are as follows: (1) Tree mortality was greater in lower altitude communities than higher altitude ones. Tree death primarily affected small diameter trees and exhibited a non-random pattern independent of density dependence. (2) Overall α diversity of communities decreased slightly across all altitudes over the course of seven years but not significantly so. The rate of change in α diversity index was relatively consistent among communities at different altitudes. Although there were slight changes observed in the species composition within each community, these differences were minimal (P>0.99). A convergence trend was observed regarding species composition among communities at various altitudes. (3) Average DBH and total basal area of all trees increased across communities at different altitudes,with an inverted “J” shaped diameter class structure indicating good self-renewal capacity and community stability maintenance ability. In summary, the changes observed in community structure of the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Cenwanglaoshan mountain are generally consistent across different altitudes, thus demonstrating stable community structure with insignificant changes despite minor fluctuations occurring within dominant species population or rare species extinction impacting overall richness level.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to identify the pathogen that caused rust in Bletilla striata in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and screen resistene resources for B. striata, the rust pathogen was isolated from infected leaves of B. striata and identified using morphology and molecular methods. At the inoculation of pathogen. The results were as follows: (1) The urediniopores of Strain X2 isolated from diseased leaves in B. striata were golden yellow, oval, (21.43-30.95) μm × (13.10-19.05) μm. The teliospores were orange, russet, obovate or clavate, (17.25-30) μm × (5.5-6.65) μm. (2) The length of ITS sequence of strain X2(OQ826009) was 689 bp, which were compared with other ITS sequences in the GenBank, and the similarity reached to 95.86% compared with Coleosporium sp. (KY783686.1). But the sequence was clustered together with two sequences of C. bletiae (MN108161.1, OP363678.1). The strain X2 was identified as C. bletiae by combining morphology and molecular methods. (3) After 14 days of artificial inoculation with strain X2, the disease index of 23 Bletilla striata ranged from 0 to 70.7. And 6 different resistance levels were divided according to the disease index. Among them, one immune materials was identified for the disease index was 0. Four highly resistant materials was identified for the disease index was 1.7- 4.7. Six disease-resistant materials was identified for the disease index was 5.6-9.4. Five mediumresistant materials was identified for the disease index was 12.7-18.3. Five susceptible materials was identified for the disease index was 32.0-49.1 and two highly susceptible materials was identified for the disease index was 62.2-70.7. Five B. striata from diffenrent places can be promoted directely or applied as parent materials for creating excellent germplasm to resistant the rust in B. striata for they expressed immune or highly resistance. The five species came from Honghe City in Yunnan Province, Gongcheng County and Baise City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Zunyi City in Guizhou Province and Yichang City in Hubei Province, respectively. This study can provide a basis for further research on pathogenesis and control of rust in B. striata.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Eleven species of vascular plants are reported as new records in Guangxi, viz. Pteris amoena Blume, Diplaziopsis cavaleriana (Christ) C. Chr., Diplazium nanchuanicum (W. M. Chu) Z. R. He, Macrothelypteris ornata (Wall. ex J. Sm.) Ching, Cyrtomium chingianum P. S. Wang, C. shingianum H. S. Kung et P. S. Wang, Castanopsis diversifolia (Kurz) King ex Hook.f., Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo, Rubia falciformis H. S. Lo, Blumea repanda (Roxb.) Hand.-Mazz., Synotis saluenensis (Diels) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen. These new records not only provide a useful reference to the studies of floristic geography, but also are of great significance to the innovative utilization of plant resources and the protection of plant diversity in Guangxi. Description of main morphological characteristics, citation specimens, colour photos reflecting the characteristics and geographical distribution of the eleven newly recorded species are also provided．
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Science and Technology submitted time 2024-06-20
Abstract： [Background]: The single-phase reversed flow in inverted U-tubes of steam generator (SG) leads to increasing flow resistance and decreasing heat transfer area, so it is meaningful to study this phenomenon. [Purpose]: The water level of the secondary side in SG can influence the single-phase reversed flow, it is necessary to clarify its influence mechanism from a more general viewpoint. [Methods]: The dimensionless conservation equations were derived first, and the extreme point was obtained based on the equations. Then the effect of the water level of the secondary side under conditions of different lengths, dimensionless resistance number, and dimensionless heat transfer number was analyzed. [Results]: The decrease in the water level leads to the critical point of the single-phase reversed flow gradually approaching the origin, the influence law of the water level is the same under different pipe length conditions. As the water level decreases, the influence of the dimensionless resistance number and dimensionless heat transfer number on the critical point gradually reduces. [Conclusions]: This study theoretically proves that the effect of secondary water level on single-phase reversed flow is not conducive to the occurrence of backflow, and explains the reasons from a mechanistic perspective, which can assist in accident analysis of related nuclear power plants.
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