Subjects: Mathematics >> Control and Optimization. submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： For a 4th order 3-dimensional symmetric tensor with its entries $1$ or $-1$, we show the analytic sufficient and necessary conditions of its positive definiteness. By applying these conclusions, several strict inequalities is bulit for ternary quartic homogeneous polynomials.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Processing submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： Purpose To evaluate the coverage and accuracy of author identification number (author ID) of the major bibliographic databases and to assess whether they could be directly used in empirical research.
Methods The ground truth data set consists of articles from 825 Chinese scientists. The coverage, accuracy, and robustness of each author ID are calculated by retrieving and collecting the IDs of scientists and their respective publication information in the bibliographic databases. The validity of the author IDs for empirical research is assessed by replicating a top journal empirical article using the data collected through author IDs.
Results First, WOS, Scopus, AMiner, and OpenAlex can retrieve more than 90% of Chinese scientists’ identifiers, while ORCID’s coverage is less than 50%. Second, the accuracy of Scopus is the highest at 85.2%, and the accuracy of OpenAlex is the lowest at only 51.2%. Third, directly using the publication data collected through author IDs for empirical research will introduce non-negligible bias.
Limitations The ground truth data set is limited, because it is mainly composed of young scientists, and lack scientists from social sciences and humanities.
Conclusion At present, the author identification number of the major databases cannot be directly applied to the empirical research of large-scale data. A standardized information platform for scientists’ publications is needed to overcome the author-name disambiguation problem.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-06-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background With the acceleration of China's aging population，the prevalence of chronic diseases and comorbidity patterns pose significant challenges to global health. There is a close relationship between the prevalence of chronic diseases and individuals' self-rated health （SRH） status. However，there is limited research on the prevalence of chronic diseases and comorbidity patterns among middle-aged and elderly populations in rural areas of Xinjiang，China，and their impact on SRH status. Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic diseases and comorbidity patterns among middle#2;aged and elderly populations in rural areas of Xinjiang and to explore the impact of chronic diseases and comorbidity patterns on SRH status，providing effective reference for improving the health level of this population. Methods The data for this study were derived from the survey database of the National Social Science Foundation project （17BRK030） from 2016 to 2019. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the demographic characteristics，chronic disease status，and self-rated health status of male and female heads of households. Ordered logistics regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of SRH status. SOM network training analysis and partial least squares method were employed to evaluate the interrelationships among 14 chronic diseases and the degree of their impact on SRH status. Results A total of 3 400 middle-aged and elderly individuals were surveyed. Residents' SRH status varied significantly by geographical distribution，gender，age，education level，occupation， marital status，illness or disability，and chronic disease status（P<0.05）. Geographical region as southern Xinjiang，education level of primary school and below，and presence of chronic diseases were identified as risk factors for SRH status. Being male， aged 45-59 years，occupation as pastoralists，staff of government or public institutions，or technical workers，being divorced， and having illness or disability were identified as protective factors for SRH status. The prevalence of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly populations in rural areas of Xinjiang was 71.96%. The top three diseases were hypertension （36.67%）， arthritis or rheumatism（18.09%），and heart disease（11.91%）. The comorbidity rate of chronic diseases was 22.18%，with hypertension（23.19%），arthritis or rheumatism（19.62%），and heart disease（17.84%） being the top three comorbid diseases. The predominant comorbidity pattern was the co-occurrence of two chronic diseases（78.18%）. The most common comorbidity pattern among individuals with two chronic diseases was hypertension combined with heart disease，and among those with three chronic diseases was hypertension combined with heart disease and arthritis or rheumatism. The impact of chronic disease status on SRH status revealed that individuals with chronic diseases had significantly lower SRH status than those without chronic diseases，and individuals with two or more chronic diseases had lower SRH status than those with one chronic disease. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases and comorbidity among middle-aged and elderly populations in rural areas of Xinjiang is high. Chronic respiratory diseases，arthritis or rheumatism，heart disease，anemia，and other chronic diseases have a significant impact on SRH status. Therefore，it is necessary to further strengthen the construction of chronic disease service systems，improve the health records of middle-aged and elderly individuals，establish specialized clinics for chronic disease comorbidity to detect and control the comorbidity of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly populations. Additionally， efforts should be made to enhance health education for middle-aged and elderly groups，increase awareness of chronic diseases， and promote active and healthy lifestyles to improve the health level and quality of life of middle-aged and elderly populations.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-06-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）is a common digestive system disease，which is often diagnosed by imaging methods in clinical work. At present，there is a lack of research on the effectiveness evaluation of imaging diagnostic methods with histology as the gold standard. Objective To study the consistency of imaging and histological diagnosis of NAFLD，and to analyze the influencing factors of gallstone disease（GD）complicated with NAFLD. Method From January 2021 to July 2022，53 patients with GD who underwent simple cholecystectomy and liver biopsy were selected from the Department of Hepatobiliary surgery，Nanjing Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of traditional Chinese Medicine. The demographic characteristics，BMI，systolic blood pressure（SBP）and diastolic blood pressure（DBP）of the subjects were collected，and the laboratory indexes，imaging and histological results were collected. The consistency of imaging and histological diagnosis of NAFLD was evaluated by Kappa consistency test. According to the histological diagnostic criteria，the subjects were divided into NAFLD group（n=15）and non-NAFLD group（n=38）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of NAFLD in patients with GD. Results The imaging detection rate of NAFLD in GD patients was 20.7%（11/53），which was lower than that of histology（28.3%）（15/53）（Kappa=0.404，P=0.001）. The sensitivity of imaging diagnosis was 60.0%（9/15），the specificity was 94.7%（36/38），and the rate of missed diagnosis was 40.0%（6/15）. There were 8 cases of nonalcoholic fatty liver（NAFL），7 cases of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis（NASH） and no NASH associated cirrhosis in 15 patients with histological manifestation of NAFLD. The proportion of fibrosis in the NASH group was higher than that in the NAFL group. There were significant differences in the levels of BMI，SBP，fasting blood glucose（FPG）and aspartate aminotransferase（AST）between NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group（P<0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI（OR=1.5，95%CI=1.084~2.075，P=0.014）and FPG（OR=2.163， 95%CI=1.246~3.756，P=0.006）were the influencing factors of GD patients with NAFLD. Conclusion Compared with histological diagnosis，the missed diagnosis rate of imaging diagnosis of NAFLD is higher，and the incidence of NAFLD may be underestimated by imaging diagnosis as a means of epidemiological investigation. High BMI and high FPG are the main risk factors of GD complicated with NAFLD.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-06-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Adolescence is a high-risk period for obesity，and it is crucial and urgent to implement obesity control among adolescents. However，existing interventions commonly face challenges in sustainability and scalability. Asset assessment to identify and leverage existing community assets and strengths is essential to facilitate and maintain the implementation of these programs. Objective To assess assets for obesity control among middle school students，and to identify the advantages and deficiencies in the current policy，physical，social，and information environments，along with suggestions for improvements. Methods From 2023 to January 2024，purposive sampling method was adopted，face-to-face one-by-one interviews were conducted with 11 staff members involved in obesity control for middle school students from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Education Bureau，and three middle schools in a major city in East China. Additionally，eight parents and their children from each of the three schools were invited to participate in focus group discussions，with 6 groups and 8 participants per group. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the interview data. Results This study found that the advantages in obesity control for middle school students primarily included policies and conditions ensured for obesity surveillance，nutritional school lunch and physical activity，along with media for health communication. The main deficiencies were the lack of specific policies for efficient obesity control，insufficient physical and social assets to support healthy eating and physical activity，and the quality and intensity of information assets supporting to facilitate changes in knowledge，attitude，and behaviors. In response to these challenges，participants suggested the implementation of both rigid regulations and flexible incentives，improvement of asset accessibility，encouragement of multi-stakeholder cooperation，and strengthening of health communication. Integrating existing assets and suggestions for improvement has formed an asset assessment checklist，corresponding to 10 assets from the policy environment，8 from the physical environment，20 from the social environment，and 12 from the information environment. Conclusion Several assets exist for obesity control among middle school students and identifies areas for improvement. Subsequent efforts in obesity control for middle school students should be made on promoting intervention strategies to better align with the context based on the asset assessment checklist to diagnose the current status of assets，thus enhancing the efficacy and sustainability of the program.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2024-06-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Lumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most common causes of low back and leg pain. However，there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine. To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine，this guideline strictly followed the relevant guiding principles for the development of guidelines both domestically and internationally. A multidisciplinary working group was established. We adopted the GRADE approach to grade the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation. Finally recommendations on the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine were formed，aiming to standardize clinical practice. This guideline is for patients with all degrees of lumbar spinal stenosis.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-06-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： General practitioners with sub-specialties can not only provide high-quality general medical services， but also provide a certain depth of specialized medical services. The combination of general practitioners with sub-specialties of different specialties can provide relatively comprehensive and certain depth of basic medical services for residents in their jurisdictions. Under the situation that the professional service capacity of mental health cannot meet the needs of residents，the necessity of encouraging some general practitioners to develop mental health subspecialties has become increasingly prominent. This article analyzes the necessity of training general practitioners with psychosis subspecialty; The advantages of developing psychosis subspecialty among general practitioners; The obstacles to promoting the development of psychosis sub-expertise of general practitioners in primary care are proposed：the construction of general practitioners training bases for psychosis sub#2;expertise; The learning platform for general practitioners with psychosis sub-expertise was expanded; Construction of sub-specialty teachers of psychosis; Policy and financial support，salary and promotion incentive policies，etc.，are expected to help general practitioners develop psychosis sub-expertise.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-06-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Central precocious puberty（CPP） is a common endocrine disease in children，which shows an increasing trend year by year in recent years. It can be divided into fast-progressing central precocious puberty（RP-CPP） and slow-progressing central precocious puberty（SP-CPP） through pubertal development. RP-CPP has great harm，but it is difficult to distinguish it from SP-CPP in early clinical stage，mainly relying on the progress of adolescent development and bone age during follow-up. At present，there is a lack of effective laboratory indicators to predict RP-CPP. Objective To investigate the relationship between luteinizing hormone（LH）/follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） ratio and pubertal development. Methods CPP girls aged 4-10 years old（n=380） admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to May 2022 were regression selected and divided into RP-CPP group （n=130） and SP-CPP group（n=250 cases）according to indicators such as puberal development process. Clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors of RP-CPP was performed，and ROC curve of LH/FSH ratio on the predictive value of RP-CPP was drawn. Results The height，weight，BMI，IGF-1，difference between bone age and actual age，bilateral ovarian volume，LH base value，estradiol level，LH base value /FSH base value， and LH peak /FSH peak value of girls in RP-CPP group were all higher than those in SP-CPP group，with statistical significance （P<0.05）. Regression analysis showed that CPP patients progressed to RP-CPP related serological indexes when LH base value and LH peak /FSH peak were detected. LH base /FSH base value and LH peak /FSH peak were positively correlated with height， IGF-1，LH base value，estradiol level，LH peak，ovarian volume and bone age（P<0.05）. ROC curve showed that the LH base /FSH base value and LH peak /FSH peak value were more sensitive and specific than other indexes to the predictive value of RP-CPP. When the LH base /FSH base value was 0.63，the Yoden index reached a maximum of 0.258（sensitivity 43.1%， specificity 82.7%，AUC=0.644）. When the LH peak /FSH peak was 1.39，the maximum Jorden index was 0.276（sensitivity 74.6%，specificity 53.0%，AUC=0.655）. The combined prediction model is better than the single index prediction model （AUC=0.668）. The basal gonadotropin levels of children without clinical intervention were analyzed after 6 months of follow#2;up. It was found that the height increase，ΔLH，ΔFSH，bone age increase and ovarian volume increase in RP-CPP group were significantly higher than those in SP-CPP group after 6 months of follow-up，and the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. Conclusion LH base /FSH base value and LH peak /FSH peak are early predictors of RP-CPP. When LH/FSH base value ≥ 0.63 or LH peak/FSH peak ≥ 1.39，the possibility of RP-CPP should be considered，and the combined predictive value of the two indicators is better than that of a single indicator. It can be used as an auxiliary reference index for clinical application of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue therapy.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-06-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Cardiometabolic multimorbidity （CMM） was one of the most common comorbidity aggregation patterns in different regions and populations，with a high risk of mortality. However，studies on the clinical and medication characteristics of CMM were limited. Objective To study the clinical characteristics and medication patterns of patients with CMM in the real world，and provide reference basis for the prevention and management of CMM. Methods Outpatient patients who were diagnosed with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in the hospital information system（HIS）from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected. Basic prescription information was collected and analyzed using frequency analysis and association rule analysis methods. Results A total of 7 059 patients with CMM were included，of which 3 960（56.1%） were male and 3 099（43.9%） were female，with an age range of 18 to 97 years and a mean age of （58.1±13.7） years. The results showed that 3910 patients with less than 5 types of medication，accounting for 55.4%；2 740 patients with 5-9 types of medication，accounting for 38.8%；and 409 patients with more than 10 types of medication，accounting for 5.8%. Hypertension，dyslipidemia，and diabetes were the core diseases of CMM. Among the comorbidities of cardiovascular metabolic diseases，chronic gastritis，renal insufficiency，and hyperuricemia were more common. In the prescription of patients with CMM，statins，calcium channel blockers（CCB），angiotensin receptor blockers（ARB），metformin，and sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitors（SGLT2i） were the core medications. Conclusion Our findings suggestchronic gastritis，renal insufficiency，and hyperuricemia are more common diseases in patients with CMM. Screening and prevention should be strengthened and treatment strategies should be adjusted. In the CMM drug prescription，lipid-lowering， antihypertensive，and hypoglycemic drugs are the core drugs used.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： The sensory dominance is a phenomenon in which the brain selectively processes specificsensory information when presented with multisensory inputs, thereby enhancing humanperception of external stimuli. Previous studies have discussed the sensory dominance atperceptual and response levels. However, how the intermediate processing level betweenperceptual and response levels affects the sensory dominance remains unknown. Therefore, thepresent study adopted the cross-modal 2-1 mapping paradigm and manipulated object categoriesthrough three studies to investigate the role of the intermediate processing level on sensorydominance in cross-modal conflict. In this paradigm, based on key mapping, cognitive processing levels can be defined intopreresponse level (included perceptual and semantic levels) and response level. The differencebetween the audiovisual incongruent condition and the audiovisual congruent condition was calledthe conflict effect, and the sensory dominance can be obtained by comparing the conflict effect ofattention to vision and auditory. Experiment 1 manipulated the degree of difference in objectcategories to explore its impact on sensory dominance. Experiments 1a~c involved animal objects(small differences), tool objects (moderate differences), and animal and musical instrument objects(large differences), 30 participants were recruited for each experiment. Because visual picturesreach perceptual representation earlier, while auditory sounds reach semantic representation earlier. Therefore, Experiment 2 (34 participants) changed visual pictures into visual words on the basis ofExperiment 1c to explore effects of visual presentation way of object categories on sensorydominance. In Experiment 3 (20 participants), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) wasused on the left anterior temporal lobe, an important brain region responsible for processing objectcategories to further causally study effects of object category on the sensory dominance of theresponse level. The results of Experiment 1 showed that, no matter what the difference of object categories, at the preresponse level, the conflict effect of attention to auditory was significantly greater thanthat of attention to vision, that is, visual dominance. However, at the response level, visualdominance appeared when the object category difference was small (Experiment 1a), no sensorydominance was observed when the object category difference was moderate (Experiment 1b), auditory dominance appeared when the object category difference was large (Experiment 1c). Itwas found that the results of Experiment 2 and Experiment 1c were consistent, that is, auditorydominance, indicating that this behavior pattern was not affected by the bottom-up visualpresentation way. The results of Experiment 3 showed that under cathodal tDCS condition, thepreresponse level still showed visual dominance, but the response level no longer showed sensorydominance. This result showed that effects of object categories on the sensory dominance of theresponse level from the causal level. The mechanism of sensory dominance is still under investigation. The present study was firstto find that object categories affected the sensory dominance of the response level. Fromtheperspective of cognitive processing level, intermediate processing level played a regulating role inthe sensory dominance of the response level, enriching the explanatory theory of sensorydominance and providing a new perspective for the study of sensory dominance in cross-modalconflict.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： In recent years, mindfulness interventions have been applied across various fields and have achieved significant efficacy. With the widespread adoption of mobile Internet, online mindfulness interventions are flourishing, thus holding tremendous potential. However, a prominent issue is the generally low adherence of participants in such online mindfulness interventions. Concurrently, previous studies have demonstrated that poetry is also regarded as an important supplement to psychotherapy and mindfulness intervention therapy. Yet, no research has been conducted on the integration of Chinese classical poetry and mindfulness interventions—a topic that warrants further exploration. Moreover, Chinese classical poetry possesses distinct Chinese characteristics and is a highly appreciated literary art form among the local population. Therefore, based on the above propositions, this study considers the feasibility of integrating Chinese classical poetry into mindfulness intervention and whether it can enhance participants’ adherence.
In Study 1, a 49-day online self-help mindfulness intervention incorporating Chinese classical poetry was developed based on Mindfulness Intervention for Emotional Distress (MIED) and poetry therapy. A total of 54 participants were recruited online who completed the pre- and postintervention assessments, including measures of mindfulness, perceived stress, and general well-being. The participants were required to answer additional questions regarding the feasibility of the intervention within one week postintervention. Then, the effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed using paired samples t-tests, whereas its feasibility was evaluated across five dimensions: Acceptability, Demand, Implementation, Practicality, and Limited-efficacy testing. In Study 2, 258 participants were recruited online and randomly assigned to Group A or Group B. Group A attended a mindfulness intervention program that integrated Chinese classical poetry, while Group B attended the same program without poetry. In the end, a total of 245 participants joined the study (118 in Group A and 127 in Group B). All participants were required to complete pre-, mid-, and postintervention assessments measuring mindfulness, perceived stress, and general well-being levels. Furthermore, the intervention’s effectiveness was examined using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), whereas the impact of the presence or absence of Chinese classical poetry on participants’ adherence was analyzed using chi-square tests.
The results confirmed the feasibility of the developed online self-help mindfulness intervention integrating Chinese classical poetry in terms of Acceptability, Demand, Implementation, Practicality and Limited-efficacy testing, with participants perceiving the intervention as effective. The results of Study 2 demonstrated that both programs with and without poetry significantly improved participants’ mindfulness, perceived stress, and general well-being levels. However, the former significantly enhanced participants’ adherence. In addition, compared with the overall adherence levels of current online mindfulness interventions (ranging from 35% to 92%), the participants’ adherence to the proposed online intervention with Chinese classical poetry (84.75%) is relatively high. Finally, the study also found that integrating poetry into mindfulness interventions enhanced the majority of Chinese individuals’ engagement and completion rates, regardless of their personal preferences for Chinese classical poetry at baseline.
This study represents the first integration of Chinese classical poetry into mindfulness intervention, resulting in a program enriched by Chinese cultural elements. The program facilitates the combination of outstanding traditional Chinese culture with modern psychological theories and practices, fostering their creative transformation and innovative development. Furthermore, the purely online self-help program employed in this study reduces reliance on therapists while simultaneously enhancing participants’ adherence. At the same time, this study provides more possibilities for the widespread application of mindfulness intervention and provides individuals with more choices for mental health treatment. Overall, these contributions hold significant practical significance and social value.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： People often use the phrase different paths, no conspiracy to describe the difficulty of reaching a consensus after an interpersonal value conflict occurs. Due to the conflict, people will not only experience a series of negative subjective feelings, but also develop prejudice and hostility toward their opponents. Together, these feelings make it very difficult to resolve interpersonal conflicts based on value differences. Values are represented and constructed in such a way that people are prone to two cognitive biases in the face of interpersonal value conflicts: self-threat and the illusion of personal objectivity. Currently, researchers have focused on two interpersonal values conflict mediation strategies: self-affirmation and other-affirmation. Future research needs to enrich the relevant theoretical explanations, focus on the influencing factors and their effects in interpersonal value conflicts, and expand their mediation strategies and related application practices.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： In the 21st century, human society is highly prosperous, but it is still facing a happiness crisis. Since the birth of scientific psychology, psychologists have been committed to understanding and improving human happiness and well-being. With the rapid development of human society and the continuous advancement of science and technology, scientific research on happiness and well-being in scientific psychology has become more comprehensive and diverse, and has gradually transformed from an abstract concept to an interdisciplinary research field that is quantifiable, operational and improvable. Based on the theoretical framework, research paradigm and research conclusions of scientific psychology, this article sorts out and comments on how factors at the individual, interpersonal and social levels affect human happiness and well-being, and explores the great potential and future prospects of scientific psychology in improving human happiness and well-being.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> History of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： In the English literature of the 1840s-1860s, “mental philosophy” and “psychology” were used interchangeably, gradually transitioning to the term “psychology” after 1860. In Chinese, “mental philosophy” is generally translated as Xin Ling Xue心灵学, which later came to be considered psychology. In the process of examining the proposition that the first mental philosophy course in the history of Chinese psychology, analysis of Dengchow College diplomas from 1885 and 1889, the 1891 diploma style, and other historical data, supplemented by biographical information on C. W. Mateer about the early courses offered at the Dengchow College, revealed no evidence of a psychology program at Dengchow College in 1877. A curriculum from 1891 showing a course in Xin Ling Xue心灵学 in the sixth year suggests that Dengchow College may have offered psychology classes in 1896 or after 1897. The curriculum noted that “Several desirable branches, e.g., Mental Science and Physical Geography have been omitted for want of suitable textbooks.” There remains a lack of information about who taught these courses and what materials were used. Dengchow College offered psychology courses significantly later than Y. K. Yen at St. John’s College in 1880 and D. Z. Sheffield at Luhe Academy in Tungchow around 1892. Relevant information supports the teachers and teaching materials in these two schools.
Mateer’s contribution to the spread of Western psychology during the late Qing dynasty is notable for his efforts in unifying psychological terminology and his attention to W. A. P. Martin’s plan to write a textbook on Mental Philosophy, and his monograph, Xing Xue Ju Yu性学举隅. Among these efforts, his recognition of the term Xing Xue性学 as a translation for psychology were particularly significant. Mateer began his term on the School and Textbook Series Committee in May 1877, during which the Committee planned to develop a Chinese textbook on Mental Philosophy, with Martin taking responsibility. Both Mateer and Martin were members of the commission and maintained a close association. In October 1877, Mateer used the term “psychology” in an English article, providing commentary on its Chinese translation. Mateer’s interest in psychology was evident in his role as chair of the Publication Committee, established in 1890 to organize terminology. The responsibility for mental science terminology fell to Sheffield. Progress in the harmonization of terminology was slow until the establishment of the Scientific Terminology Committee in 1896, which significantly advanced this work. In his 1896 diary, Mateer noted that he had collected terminological work in fifteen disciplines, including psychology. In 1898, Martin published his monograph, Xing Xue Ju Yu性学举隅, which was followed by a critical essay from Mateer. Mateer highly praised the monograph, particularly its use of the term Xing Xue性学. Mateer’s involvement in the publication of Technical Terms, English and Chinese in 1904, where he served as editor, further highlights his contribution to the development of psychological terminology in China. Many of the psychological terms included in the book were derived from Sheffield’s unpublished teaching material on mental philosophy (around 1892), Yen’s book Xin Ling Xue (1889), and Martin’s monograph Xing Xue Ju Yu (1898).
Mateer’s transition from opposing the original meaning of psychology in Chinese translation to adopting the term Xing Xue性学 illustrates his recognition of the contributions of traditional Chinese culture in creating Chinese terminology for psychology. This shift underscores his effort to draw nourishment from Chinese culture to facilitate the translation of Western studies.
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： The brand-new interaction context constructed by the Internet provides a brand-new channel for people to pursue the proposition of love , and people devote themselves to the digital world, creating similar-to-me digitized bodies for presentations and performances, while the real body gradually fades out of the field of vision. Through in-depth interviews and questionnaires, this paper focuses on the practice of online romantic relationships in which digital bodies are present and real bodies are absent in MMORPGs, so as to study the temporal changes of the spatial, physical, and emotional dimensions of the real and virtual relationships between the two parties of romantic relationships in MMORPGs. It is found that in the virtual space constructed by MMORPGs, the digital body initially occupies a highly dominant position, and with the development of the romantic relationship, the real body gradually emerges from the hidden background and intermingles with the digital body, and eventually, when the relationship turns to reality, the real body replaces the digital body and becomes the main body of the relationship again.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： With the expansion of urban scale and the increase of urban road network density, pedestrians need to find their way in different route environments, especially in complex routes. The use of modern assisted navigation devices may help pedestrians better find their way, but the interaction between humans and navigation devices and the presentation of information on different navigation maps may affect actual wayfinding behavior. Therefore, in the face of increasingly complex road traffic, this paper explores how to improve pedestrian wayfinding behavior performance from the perspective of pedestrians. According to embodied cognition and the factors affecting pedestrian wayfinding, this paper uses virtual reality (VR) technology and psychophysical experiments to explore the optimal navigation scheme of pedestrian wayfinding behavior in different routes./t/nIn Experiment 1, a two-factor design was employed: 2 (route difficulty: simple route, complex route) ×2 (interaction mode: active interaction, passive interaction). Firstly, the impact of route difficulty and human-computer interaction mode on pedestrian wayfinding performance was examined. In Experiment 2, a 2 (interaction mode: active interaction, passive interaction) ×2 (map type: fixed map, rotating map) design was implemented across subjects to investigate further methods for enhancing pathfinding performance under different interaction modes in complex routes. Ultimately, the findings from Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 were collectively analyzed, and a navigation strategy aimed at improving wayfinding performance from the perspective of map types was proposed./t/nThe study revealed that the performance of wayfinding and acquisition of spatial knowledge in simple routes surpasses that in complex routes. However, there is no significant difference in route knowledge acquisition between the two types of routes. In the active interaction mode, the performance of wayfinding and acquisition of landmark knowledge in simple routes is significantly higher than that in complex routes. Conversely, in the passive interaction mode, there is no significant difference between the two types of wayfinding performance and route knowledge acquisition. Within complex routes, the passive interaction method can yield better landmark knowledge compared to the active interaction method. On the other hand, within complex routes, the use of a fixed map significantly outperforms a rotating map in terms of wayfinding performance and route knowledge acquisition; however, there is no significant difference between them regarding landmark knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, within complex routes and using passive interaction mode, utilizing fixed maps can notably enhance wayfinding performance and landmark knowledge acquisition compared to unassisted maps./t/nIn summary, this article concludes that route difficulty and interaction mode in the spatial environment significantly impact pedestrians’ pathfinding performance. In simple routes, individuals actively utilize navigation devices to effectively enhance their pathfinding performance, while in complex routes, passive interaction between individuals and navigation devices with the assistance of fixed maps can effectively improve their pathfinding performance. Therefore, incorporating passive interaction with auxiliary fixed maps into complex routes is the optimal navigation strategy for effectively enhancing wayfinding performance.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： Family and work are essential domains of most adults’ daily lives in the modern era. Family-work conflict is “a form of inter-role conflict in which role pressures from the work and family domains are mutually incompatible in some respects.” Although the negative consequences of family-work conflict have featured prominently in the literature, scholars have insinuated that it may yield positive work behaviors. However, there is little empirical evidence demonstrating the positive results of family-work conflicts and the mechanisms for such functional consequences. To address this theoretical gap, we drew upon the identity maintenance perspective and hypothesized that employees who experience family-work conflict perceive a loss of job performance and desire to maintain work identity, which, in turn, facilitates employees’ work effort and considers reducing family hours.
We conducted three studies to test our hypotheses. In Study 1, a recall experiment was conducted to test the causal effect between family-work conflict and perceived job-performance loss. We recruited 200 participants through Credamo platform. Family-work conflict was manipulated by asking participants to recall their experiences. The results support the causal relationship between family-work conflict and perceived job-performance loss. In Study 2, we confirmed the conclusion through a between-participant scenario experiment. We recruited 232 full-time employees from southern China. When the test was administered, the participants were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions: a high family-work conflict (N = 120) and a low family-work conflict (N = 112). Subsequently, the participants were required to read and describe the scenario and its content, respectively. They then completed the manipulation check of family-work conflict, reported their perceived job-performance loss and work-effort intention, and considered reducing family conflict. In Study 3, we conducted a multi-wave field study with 786 dyadic data points from 100 employees. At Time 1, the employees were asked to report their demographic information. At Time 2, the employees completed three reports daily for 10 consecutive days. In the first report, the employees rated their affectivity, overnight sleep quality, and family-work conflict. The second and third reports focused on perceived job-performance loss, work effort, and reducing family hours.
Confirmatory factor analysis, regression analysis, bootstrapping, and Monte Carlo methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that family-work conflict was positively associated with perceived job-performance loss. Employees’ perceived job-performance loss increases their work efforts and reduces family hours. Gender also moderated the positive effects between family-work conflict and perceived job-performance loss; this relationship was stronger for male employees. Furthermore, family-work conflict has a conditional, positive indirect effect on work effort and considers reduced family hours through perceived job-performance loss, such that the indirect effects are stronger for male employees than for female employees.
This study extends the theory and research on family-work conflict in three ways. First, we complement and extend the family-work conflict research by revealing the positive effects of family-work conflict on employee work behaviors. The existing literature generally emphasizes that family-work conflict is detrimental to work. This study challenged conventional wisdom and provided a more balanced and dialectical understanding of the relationship between family-work conflict and work behavior. Second, we enrich the empirical research on the conditional effect of identity maintenance by providing evidence that gender is a significant factor influencing the process of identity maintenance. Third, we draw upon identity maintenance theory to explore the mechanism of family-work conflict to stimulate employees’ identity maintenance process. We further revealed a new explanatory mechanism of the relationship between employees’ family-work conflict and behavioral outcomes.
Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics Subjects: Computer Science >> Natural Language Understanding and Machine Translation submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： Objective This paper aims to quantify the sentence alignment scores of low-resource parallel corpora to obtain high-quality parallel corpora, improving machine translation performance. Methods We propose NeuroAlign, a neural network-based unsupervised sentence embedding method for scoring bilingual parallel sentence alignment. Parallel sentence pairs are embedded into the same vector space, and alignment scores for given candidate sentence pairs in the parallel corpus are calculated. Based on these scores, low-scoring sentence pairs are filtered out, resulting in high-quality bilingual parallel corpora for low-resource languages. Results In the BUCC2018 parallel text mining task, the F1 score can be improved by 0.5-0.8. In the CCMT2021 low-resource language neural machine translation task, the BLEU score can be improved by 0.1-10.9. The sentence alignment scores can approach human evaluation. Limitations Due to the scarcity of low-resource bilingual parallel corpora, research has not been conducted on language pairs other than Tibetan-Chinese, Uyghur-Chinese, and Mongolian-Chinese. Conclusions This method can be effectively applied to sentence alignment scoring for low-resource language machine translation parallel corpora, improving the quality of the data source, and thereby enhancing machine translation performance.
Subjects: Physics >> Geophysics, Astronomy, and Astrophysics Subjects: Information Science and Systems Science >> Basic Disciplines of Information Science and Systems Science submitted time 2024-06-05
Wenlong Sun
Fengfeng Shi
Yuting Lin
Jinfeng Xu
Shaofeng He
Yongxin Lin
Guocheng Wang
Run Zhao
Pei Ma
Abstract： The precise estimation of the satellite clock bias (SCB) holds considerable importance in ensuring accurate timekeeping, navigation, and positioning. This studyintroduces a novel SCB prediction approach that integrates variational mode decomposition (VMD) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network techniques, combining signal decomposition with deep learning methodologies. Initially, the raw SCB data undergoespreprocessing, followed by decomposition using the VMD method to generate multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). These decomposed IMFs serve as inputs for LSTM, where several independent LSTM models are established for training and prediction purposes. Subsequently, the predicted outcomes are aggregated and reconstructed to derive the finalSCB prediction. Experimental findings demonstrate notable advancements in clock bias prediction for the spaceborne hydrogen atomic clock for BDS, with prediction accuracies of 0.048 ns, 0.204 ns and 1.397 ns for 6 hours, 3 days and 15 days, respectively. These results exhibit significant enhancements compared to both the LSTM network and the Back Propagation (BP) neural network, with improvements of 56%, 84% and 83% for the aforementioned time intervals in comparison to LSTM, and enhancements of 59%, 82% and 83% relative to the BP neural network.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2024-06-05
Abstract： Objective To analyze some of the characteristics of papers retracted in batch by Hindawi journals. The aim is to provide a reference for Chinese scientific and technical journals on how to deal with the systematic manipulation of the publication process.
Methods Retraction statements and retracted papers were obtained from the Hindawi XML corpus. Based on the Web of Science core collection, we analyzed the author affiliations and citations of the retracted papers.
Results Hindawi journals retracted a total of 11,371 papers between November 16, 2022 and March 20, 2024. The majority (74.7%) of these retracted papers were published in 2022, with an average of 46 days from submission to acceptance, 77 days from submission to publication, and 526 days from publication to retraction. The 50 institutions in mainland China with the highest number of publications in the same period were involved in publishing 18.6% of the retracted papers.
Conclusion Batched retraction of papers involving systematic manipulation of the publication process is a practice by publishers to combat “paper mills”. Although most retracted papers had authors from mainland China, the authors of retracted papers cannot be considered representative of Chinese researchers. Chinese scientific journals should avoid manipulation of the publication process due to editorial incompetence, and research institutions should strengthen education on research integrity to prevent Chinese authors from being involved in similar incidents.
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