Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-09-01 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes is increasing in China. General practitioners play an important role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Chronic kidney disease（CKD） is a common co-existing disease in patients with diabetes. However，at present，there is little research evidence on type 2 diabetes combined with CKD in primary care in China. Objective To investigate the obstructive factors in the monitoring and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with CKD from the perspective of general practitioners. Methods From May to July 2022，a one-to#2;half structured interview was conducted with snowball sampling among general practitioners in an urban area of Beijing，and the interview outline was formulated based on the theoretical domains framework（TDF）. NVivo 11 software was used to encode and classify the interview contents. Subject frame analysis method was used to sort out and analyze the data，and extract the theme. Results 13 general practitioners were interviewed in this study，and the years of working in general practice ranged from 8to 22 years. The study identified barriers related to six domains in TDF，namely knowledge/skills，beliefs about outcomes，motivation and goals，medical background，resources and norms of conduct. After refining again，the themes were lack of systematic knowledge and skills related to CKD，imperfect incentive mechanism of primary medical staff，lack of smooth referral process between primary medical institutions and higher hospitals，poor self-management ability of patients and other obstacles. Conclusion There are many factors preventing general practitioners from monitoring and managing patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with CKD in the community. It is necessary to strengthen the knowledge and skills training of general practitioners with diabetes mellitus complicated with CKD，improve the ability of general practitioners to monitor and manage CKD，improve the incentive mechanism of primary medical institutions and establish an effective referral process with superior hospitals，strengthen the health education of patients，improve the self-management ability of patients，and enhance the prevention and treatment ability of primary medical institutions with type 2 diabetes complicated with CKD.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Existing methods of extracting keywords can't be applied to the social Q&A community effectively, because they are not suitable for the characteristics of the social Q&A community which embodies short texts, colloquial contents and sparse data. They rarely think about the impact of users' attention on words. In view of the aforementioned problem, this paper presents a novel keywords extraction method based on multi-attributes weighted for the social Q&A community. [Method/process] This method improved the traditional TF-IDF algorithm by introducing the tuning function and the part of speech. Besides, it calculated the weight of words based on a linear weighting formula, which fused four attributes of user focus by dealing with numbers of users' answer, attention, browse, and comments. [Result/conclusion] Experiments show that this method can extract keywords from the social Q&A community more effectively.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract： As sacrificial anode material for 17-4PH stainless steel, the cathodic protection performance of two Fe-based alloys 20CrMo and 40CrMo was evaluated by means of galvanostatic test and self- discharge test. Then the surface morphology of 17- 4PH cathodes was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Experimental result indicates that both the 20CrMo and 40CrMo anodes had a driving voltage around 500 mV. The 20CrMo sacrificial anode presented much stable and negative working potential and uniform corrosion rather than 40CrMo sacrificial anode. The 17-4PH cathode protected by 20CrMo had less rust product on its surface. In other word, the 20CrMo sacrificial anode has a better protective effect on 17-4PH stainless steel.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In 1995, the Committee on Typical Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established and renamed as the Committee on Biological Genetic Resource Banks of CAS in 2015. Under the Committee there are 12 members of bio-resource bank from 11 institutes of CAS. Bio-resources like seeds, plant tissue in vitro, human cell lines and stem cells, animal cells and tissue samples, microorganisms, microalga, and seaweeds are collected and deposited in the banks of Committee. Each year about 40000–50000 cultures were shared. The basic orientation, composition, and bio-resource scale of the Biological Genetic Resource Bank of CAS, and its supporting role in scientific research, major national needs and national economy are introduced in the paper. Based on the trend of the collection and sustainable utilization of bio-genetic resources, the key works of bio-resources are proposed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Loneliness has become an increasingly common social phenomenon that is widespread at all ages and has an impact on people's daily lives in modern societies. Loneliness is a painful emotional experience that individuals subjectively perceive when the quality of intimate or social relationships does not meet ideal expectations or when they cannot satisfy their need to belong. Recent research findings regarding the impact of loneliness on consumption behavior have contributed greatly to the field of consumer behavior. However, the results of existing research are inconsistent and it is still unclear how loneliness affects consumption behavior. As a consequence, the field of consumer behavior is rather constrained in terms of research development and marketing strategy. In light of the importance of loneliness in the field of consumer behavior, this article systematically reviews the research findings of the influence of loneliness on consumption behavior in order to solve the above problems. First of all, this article summarizes and generalizes the widely used manipulation methods (including the feedback-evoked method, recall-evoked method, imagination-evoked method, and cue-evoked method) and measurement tools (i.e., the UCLA loneliness scale) for loneliness. Secondly, this article summarizes the effects of loneliness on consumption behavior from four aspects, including compensatory consumption behavior, avoidance consumption behavior, irrational consumption behavior, and uniqueness consumption behavior, respectively. Thirdly, this article analyzes and sorts out the triggering mechanisms and situational factors of loneliness-induced consumption behaviors, respectively. According to the Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness, this article contends that, the psychological needs (e.g., seeking social connection, restoring a sense of control, and seeking a sense of meaning in life) activated by transiently lonely consumers, who are influenced by the approach motive for restoring self-difference, will induce compensatory consumption behaviors. The social avoidance tendency activated by chronically lonely consumers, who are influenced by the avoidance motive for self-preservation in the short term, will induce avoidance consumption behaviors. At the same time, constant vigilance for social threats and the negative emotions it produces (e.g., anxiety) due to social avoidance may deplete lonely consumers’ self-regulatory resources, which will induce irrational consumption behaviors. The need for uniqueness activated by chronically lonely consumers, who are influenced by the avoidance motive for self-preservation in the long term, will induce uniqueness consumption behavior. In addition, loneliness motivates consumers to induce these above consumption behaviors will be influenced by factors such as consumers' intimacy status, marketing strategies, product attributes, and consumption contexts. Finally, the article explains the influence mechanisms of loneliness on various types of consumption behaviors based on different perspectives such as social surrogacy theory, sense of control theory, compensatory consumption behavior theory, self-regulation theory, and personality trait theory. Although many valuable results have been obtained from existing research on the effects of loneliness on consumer behavior, there are still some key issues that need to be addressed by future research. This article proposes that future research shall pay more attention to the impact of loneliness on altruistic consumption behavior (e.g., examining the effects of loneliness on pro-social consumption behavior or sustainable consumption behavior), the differential effects of type and degree of loneliness on consumption behavior (e.g., examining the differential effects of transient and chronic loneliness on consumption behavior), the potential moderators of loneliness-induced consumption behavior (e.g., exploring the boundary variables of loneliness-induced consumption behavior in terms of consumers' physiological activities, personality traits, and social characteristics), the internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior (e.g., attempting to explore the internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior from the cognitive-emotional dual processing path), as well as the reverse impact of consumption behavior on loneliness (e.g., clarifying the differential effects of consumption behavior on individual loneliness in the short and long term).
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Negation is an important language expression that can be used to euphemistically express a speaker's opinions and wishes. Due to the restriction of realistic situational factors, when an individual uses negative statements to describe behaviors that are inconsistent with experience or expectation, that is called negation bias. China has a high power distance culture between individuals, and people in China pay more respect to authority. The power difference makes individual expression different. High-power individuals show low empathy due to having control of more resources and having less dependence on others, and they tend to express themselves directly in communication. Individuals in low-power positions have needs, and they deal with the difference in power when meeting high-power individuals by using euphemisms of negative expression to maintain communication. Differences in negation used in various power relations are untested, and this study aims to explore these differences through experimental design.In this study, three experiments were used to explore the influence of different power relations on negative negation bias. Experiment 1 used the fixed reaction paradigm: 3 (power relations: high vs low/ low vs high/ no difference) ×2 (words type: affirmative/negative) within subject design, and it investigate subjects’ choice of affirmative and negative sentences. Experiment 2 used the subjective evaluation: 3 (power relations: high vs low/ low vs high/ no difference) ×2 (words type: affirmative/negative) within subject design, and it investigated the degree of suitability for negation in different power relations. In experiment 3, the free reaction paradigm was adopted, calculating the frequency of negation to investigate the influence of different power relations on negative biasResults show that: (1) Power relationships will influence the use of negation sentences. When low-power individuals evaluate high-power individuals, subjects tend to use negation and believe that this form of expression is more suitable, causing negation bias to appear; negation bias does not appear in conditions when high-power individuals evaluate low-power individuals or when no power difference exists. (2) When no power difference exists, social distance will influence the use of negation sentences; the greater the social distance, the more frequently negative sentences are used.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： “The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature.” Aesthetic need is a high-level spiritual pursuit of human beings. In recent years, researchers have gradually paid more and more attention to the importance of beauty. Although researchers have carried out many aesthetic studies, most have focused on the study of static stimuli and not dynamic stimuli such as flying birds or fast trotting horses. Thus, research in cognitive experimental aesthetics and cognitive neuroaesthetics has not addressed the following questions: Which areas of the brain are activated when we appreciate dynamic animals? What are the differences between the brain regions activated by dynamic animals versus static animals? Does dynamic property of the animal affect aesthetic judgment? In summary, the present study indicated that the dynamic property of animal-stick figures affected aesthetic judgment and dynamic animal-stick figures were more beautiful than static ones. We used behavioral research approaches and neurocognitive techniques (functional magnetic resonance image, fMRI) to gather converging evidence that addressed the above questions. In order to avoid the influence of irrelevant factors, we used stick figures as the experimental material. In Experiment 1 we explored if the dynamic property animal-stick figures affects aesthetic judgment. 20 college students participated in the formal experiment and 20 additional college students rated experimental materials. Participants were asked to evaluate the beauty and liking of dynamic animal-stick figures and static animal-stick figures. E-prime 2.0 was used to present stimuli and to collect the behavioral data. Results showed that dynamic animal-stick figures had higher aesthetic scores and liking scores than static animal-stick figures. Animal-stick figures were rated as more beautiful. In Experiment 2 we explored neural mechanisms that underlie aesthetic judgment of dynamic animal-stick figures and compared the neural mechanisms between the aesthetic judgments of dynamic animal-stick figures and static ones. 20 participants who did not participate in Experiment 1 were scanned while they performed aesthetic judgments on dynamic animal-stick figures and matched static animal-stick figures. Results revealed that regions of occipital lobe, frontal lobe, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, insula, orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala were commonly activated in the aesthetic judgments of both dynamic and static animal-stick figures. The neural networks involved in aesthetic judgments of dynamic animal-stick figures overlapped with those involved in aesthetic judgments of static animal-stick figures. Furthermore, compared to static animal-stick figures, stronger activations of lingual gyrus and middle temporal gyrus (MT/V5) were found in the aesthetic judgments of dynamic animal-stick figures. However, compared to dynamic animal-stick figures, no significant activations were found in beautiful judgments of static animal-stick figures.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： The concealed information test (CIT) is a lie detection method, which can determine if a criminal suspect knows the crime-related information and then infer whether the suspect is guilty. The CIT has high internal validity but it is easy to misjudge an innocent person who knows the crime-related information as a guilty one. Therefore, it is necessary to improve CIT's detection accuracy for the guilty and the knowledgeable innocent persons. The complex trial protocol (CTP) is a modified CIT which can effectively resist countermeasures, but it hasn’t been successfully applied to discriminate the guilty from the knowledgeable innocent. The present study designed a novel CTP based on self-referential encoding, which measured the early posterior negativity (EPN) and P300. The probe or one of the irrelevant stimuli was randomly presented in the first phase of a trial, and the target (participant’s name) or one of the non-targets (others’ names) was randomly presented in the second phase of a trial. The participants needed to make self-related or self-unrelated responses in two phases when they saw the stimuli. The results revealed that: (1) the area under the curve (AUC) for P300 to discriminate the guilty from the unknowledgeable innocent was 0.922, which was significantly higher than 0.5 (the chance level). The AUC for P300 to discriminate the guilty from the knowledgeable innocent was 0.605, which was not significantly different from 0.5, and the false positive rate of the knowledgeable innocent was 75%. The AUC for P300 to discriminate the knowledgeable innocent from the unknowledgeable innocent was 0.859, which was significantly higher than 0.5. (2) The AUC for EPN to discriminate the guilty from the unknowledgeable innocent was 0.770, and the AUC for EPN to discriminate the guilty from the knowledgeable innocent was 0.721. The two AUCs were significantly larger than 0.5. The false positive rate of the knowledgeable innocent was 12.5%. The AUC for EPN to discriminate the knowledgeable innocent from the unknowledgeable innocent was 0.516, which was not significantly different from 0.5. In summary, the present study indicated that: (1) P300 can effectively discriminate the guilty from the unknowledgeable innocent, but can not effectively discriminate the guilty from the knowledgeable innocent. P300 is easy to misjudge the knowledgeable innocent as the guilty person. (2) The discrimination of EPN was weaker than that of P300 in discriminating the guilty from the unknowledgeable innocent. However, the discrimination of EPN was superior to that of P300 in discriminating the guilty from knowledgeable innocent. EPN is not easy to misjudge a knowledgeable innocent person as a guilty one. (3) When the CTP based on self-referential coding is applied to detect lies, P300 can be used to discriminate the guilty from the unknowledgeable innocent and EPN can be used to discriminate the guilty from the knowledgeable innocent.
submitted time 2023-03-25 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Loneliness has become an increasingly common social phenomenon that is widespread at all ages and has an impact on people's daily lives in modern societies. Loneliness is a painful emotional experience that individuals subjectively perceive when the quality of intimate or social relationships does not meet ideal expectations or when they cannot satisfy their need to belong. Recent research findings regarding the impact of loneliness on consumption behavior have contributed greatly to the field of consumer behavior. However, the results of existing research are inconsistent and it is still unclear how loneliness affects consumption behavior. As a consequence, the field of consumer behavior is rather constrained in terms of research development and marketing strategy. In light of the importance of loneliness in the field of consumer behavior, this article systematically reviews the research findings of the influence of loneliness on consumption behavior in order to solve the above problems. First of all, this article summarizes and generalizes the widely used manipulation methods (including the feedback-evoked method, recall-evoked method, imagination-evoked method, and cue-evoked method) and measurement tools (i.e., the UCLA loneliness scale) for loneliness. Secondly, this article summarizes the effects of loneliness on consumption behavior from four aspects, including compensatory consumption behavior, avoidance consumption behavior, irrational consumption behavior, and uniqueness consumption behavior, respectively. Thirdly, this article analyzes and sorts out the triggering mechanisms and situational factors of loneliness-induced consumption behaviors, respectively. According to the Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness, this article contends that, the psychological needs (e.g., seeking social connection, restoring a sense of control, and seeking a sense of meaning in life) activated by transiently lonely consumers, who are influenced by the approach motive for restoring self-difference, will induce compensatory consumption behaviors. The social avoidance tendency activated by chronically lonely consumers, who are influenced by the avoidance motive for self-preservation in the short term, will induce avoidance consumption behaviors. At the same time, constant vigilance for social threats and the negative emotions it produces (e.g., anxiety) due to social avoidance may deplete lonely consumers’ self-regulatory resources, which will induce irrational consumption behaviors. The need for uniqueness activated by chronically lonely consumers, who are influenced by the avoidance motive for self-preservation in the long term, will induce uniqueness consumption behavior. In addition, loneliness motivates consumers to induce these above consumption behaviors will be influenced by factors such as consumers' intimacy status, marketing strategies, product attributes, and consumption contexts. Finally, the article explains the influence mechanisms of loneliness on various types of consumption behaviors based on different perspectives such as social surrogacy theory, sense of control theory, compensatory consumption behavior theory, self-regulation theory, and personality trait theory. Although many valuable results have been obtained from existing research on the effects of loneliness on consumer behavior, there are still some key issues that need to be addressed by future research. This article proposes that future research shall pay more attention to the impact of loneliness on altruistic consumption behavior (e.g., examining the effects of loneliness on pro-social consumption behavior or sustainable consumption behavior), the differential effects of type and degree of loneliness on consumption behavior (e.g., examining the differential effects of transient and chronic loneliness on consumption behavior), the potential moderators of loneliness-induced consumption behavior (e.g., exploring the boundary variables of loneliness-induced consumption behavior in terms of consumers' physiological activities, personality traits, and social characteristics), the internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior (e.g., attempting to explore the internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior from the cognitive-emotional dual processing path), as well as the reverse impact of consumption behavior on loneliness (e.g., clarifying the differential effects of consumption behavior on individual loneliness in the short and long term).
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2022-12-09
Abstract：
Loneliness has become an increasingly common social phenomenon. Recent research findings regarding the impact of loneliness on consumption behavior have contributed greatly to the field of consumer behavior. Loneliness is likely to induce such consumption behaviors as compensatory consumption, avoidance consumption, irrational consumption, as well as uniqueness consumption. Moreover, consumers' intimacy status, marketing strategies, product attributes, and consumption contexts are found to be important moderators. Researchers have employed varied perspectives to explain loneliness-induced consumption behavior, including social surrogacy theory, sense of control theory, compensatory consumption behavior theory, self-regulation theory, and personality trait theory. Future research shall pay more attention to the impact of loneliness on altruistic consumption, the effects of type and degree of loneliness on consumption behavior, the potential moderators and internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior, as well as the reverse impact of consumption behavior on loneliness.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-07-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The restoration and reconstruction of mangrove wetland ecosystems is one of the key research fields in ecological restoration in the coastal zones of South China. How to optimize the assembly of mangrove species is the priority to be concerned in the restoration and transformation of mangrove forest community. In order to reveal the physiological and ecological strategies to light conditions of mangrove plant species and provide theoretical guidance for optimal assembly of mangrove community structure, the characteristics of leaf total soluble protein content and activities of five antioxidant enzymes in seedlings of eight mangrove plant species (Sonneratia apetala, Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Aegiceras corniculatum, Acanthus ilicifolius, Acrostichum aureum, Heritiera littoralis and Hibiscus tiliaceus) under different light intensities (100%, 45%, 30%, and 10% of natural sunlight) were studied using shading control experiment. The results were as follows: (1) Low light intensities had little impact on the leaf total soluble protein content of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Acanthus ilicifolius and Acrostichum aureum, whereas the other five species showed a decreasing trend in the leaf soluble protein content with the decline in light intensity. (2) The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the leaves of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Acanthus ilicifolius and Acrostichum aureum in 10% of natural light intensity were not significantly from control, while the other five mangrove species showed a decreasing trend in activities of all the five antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, our results indicate that Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Acanthus ilicifolius and Acrostichum aureum are suitable for planting under the forest with high canopy density, while Sonneratia apetala, Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum, Heritiera littoralis, Hibiscus tiliaceus are suitable to be planted under forest with lower canopy density or planted as upper layer tree species in mangrove.
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-11-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：目的：探讨shPLCε对膀胱癌T24细胞瓦伯格效应的影响及其相关机制。方法：（1）慢病毒感染T24细胞，葡萄糖测定试剂盒和乳酸测试盒分别检测细胞葡萄糖利用和乳酸生成情况；q-PCR、Western blot分别检测PLCε、CDC25A及瓦伯格效应相关分子的表达。（2）转染shCDC25A质粒，q-PCR、Western blot检测CDC25A的表达；Western blot检测瓦伯格效应相关分子的表达情况。结果：（1）慢病毒干扰PLCε后，T24细胞利用葡萄糖和生成乳酸的能力降低，同时下调CDC25A、PKM2、GLUT1、LDHA的表达。（2）干扰CDC25A的表达后可抑制PKM2、GLUT1、LDHA的表达。结论：shPLCε通过下调关键分子CDC25A的表达抑制膀胱癌T24细胞的瓦伯格效应，从而为膀胱癌的治疗提供了新思路。
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-11-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：目的：探讨shPLCε对膀胱癌T24细胞瓦伯格效应的影响及其相关机制。方法：（1）慢病毒感染T24细胞，葡萄糖测定试剂盒和乳酸测试盒分别检测细胞葡萄糖利用和乳酸生成情况；q-PCR、Western blot分别检测PLCε、CDC25A及瓦伯格效应相关分子的表达。（2）转染shCDC25A质粒，q-PCR、Western blot检测CDC25A的表达；Western blot检测瓦伯格效应相关分子的表达情况。结果：（1）慢病毒干扰PLCε后，T24细胞利用葡萄糖和生成乳酸的能力降低，同时下调CDC25A、PKM2、GLUT1、LDHA的表达。（2）干扰CDC25A的表达后可抑制PKM2、GLUT1、LDHA的表达。结论：shPLCε通过下调关键分子CDC25A的表达抑制膀胱癌T24细胞的瓦伯格效应，从而为膀胱癌的治疗提供了新思路。
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract：本文采用两种铁基牺牲阳极材料(20CrMo和40CrMo)对17-4PH不锈钢进行阴极保护，通过恒电流实验和自放电实验评估这两种牺牲阳极的保护效果，并用SEM和EDS分析17-4PH阴极实验后的表面形态和元素成分。实验结果表明：两种牺牲阳极对17-4PH不锈钢均有500mV左右的驱动电位。20CrMo牺牲阳极具有比40CrMo更负的工作电位、更大的电流效率，20CrMo牺牲阳极表面均匀腐蚀。经过20CrMo阳极保护的17-4PH阴极表面形成的氧化产物含量更少。20CrMo对17-4PH不锈钢的保护效果更好。
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