Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2024-04-04
Abstract： Teachers often experience inattentional blindness towards off-seat behavior during classroom management, which poses the question: is there a specific attentional advantage area for teachers in detecting such behavior? One study used cartoon images to prove that teachers’ detection does indeed have a location effect. However, it needs to take into account the elements of the real-world scenarios, including three-dimensional features, background and action. The present study aims to explore the impact of seating location factors (row, center versus periphery and each location) on teachers’ detection of off-seat behavior within real classroom scenarios through two experiments. This study carried out an inattentional blindness test with classroom management tasks. The final sample consisted of 230 teachers from special schools. Participants needed to face a computer screen where student seats were arranged in a three-row by three-column pattern. They were tasked to identify who raised their hands and pointed out their locations. The unexpected occurrence involved the disappearance of one student positioned in different seats throughout the task. All participants were randomly divided to nine experimental locations. The study employed a static IB task akin to self-study (Experiment 1) and a dynamic IB task modeled after interactive teaching as material (Experiment 2), both based on real classroom contexts. The results revealed that teachers do indeed have a certain attentional advantage area when it comes to detecting off-seat behavior: 1. Row effect was observed stably in both scenarios with off-seat behavior of students in the front rows being more readily detected. 2. The central inhibitory effect was noted only in static situation, not dynamic ones. In static condition, students with off-seat behavior were more likely to be detected when seated peripherally rather than centrally. 3. There was a significant correlation in detection rates among the same teachers across the two experiments, with teachers’ performance in the second experiment not being influenced by expectations set by the first. These findings indicated: 1. The inattentional blindness of individual teachers to students’ off-seat behavior is relatively stable. 2. Front row seating is more detectable for the teachers to notice the “missing student.” 3. In the static situation teacher should avoid arranging students prone to off-seat behavior in central area. The study extends the research paradigm of the IB test in educational settings. Moreover, it provides scientific basis for teachers to strategically arrange seating plans, especially for students with special needs.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper aims to reveal the utilization status of the three representative datasets in Peking University Open Research Data Platform and provide references for the related research of scientific data open sharing.[Method/process] This paper selected CNKI papers using CFPS, CHARLS and CLHLS as the research objects, and adopted network analysis method and relevant tools to analyze their collaborative research from the dimensions of authors, institutions and themes.[Result/conclusion] After 2011, the annual collaboration degree of the research subjects has tended to be stable, and the collaboration rate gradually decreased with the expansion of the research subjects. The three centrality indicators can complement each other to find important institutions. The first-level institutions show that Peking University is the core, some institutions maintain collaboration, and many institutions actively participate in collaboration. The top-ranked second-level institutions in terms of the number of collaborative institutions and the total number of collaboration times are relatively stable, and maintain a solid collaborative relationship mutually, which can be roughly classified into three categories. The core author groups show that some author groups collaborate frequently and stably, and there are intermediary authors connecting to several collaborative groups. Moreover, collaborative research papers cover a variety of topics, focusing on physical and mental health of elderly people, family consumption and assets, as well as social security issues for the aging population. It can be improved in terms of building an authoritative integration platform of scientific data open sharing, integrating academic databases, and organizing academic competitions to promote the development of scientific data open sharing in the future.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The ultimatum game is commonly used to examine fairness-related economic decision making, and the trade-off between fairness preferences and self-interest is assumed to determine whether individuals reject or accept unfair offers. With respect to the dual-system theory, there are controversial understandings on whether fairness preferences result from the automatic response in System 1 or the deliberation processes in System2. Our study discussed such controversy from three aspects of this theory, including theoretical hypotheses, influential factors, and neural mechanisms. The automatic negative reciprocity hypothesis and the social heuristics hypothesis contend that fairness preferences are automatic, whereas the controlled-processing hypothesis contends that fairness preferences are products of deliberation process that suppresses self-interest motivation. System 1 identifies and evaluates fairness via anterior insula, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex; while System 2 reassesses and adjusts System 1 to make the final decision via dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, ventrolateral PFC, dorsomedial PFC, and left dorsolateral PFC. Individual differences and experimental task characteristics may affect individuals’ automatic responses in System 1. Future research need to further improve the experimental paradigm; explore the moderators within the dual system and its neural network.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The eradication of poverty is a top priority for developing countries and the most important goal of the Millennium Development Goals all over the world. Behavioral economists and development economists are employing the randomized control trials and nudge techniques to help the poor get rid of poverty within the globe. The current nudge action that uses randomized control experiments to help poor people overcome behavioral deviations is mainly manifested in helping poor people improve their current material conditions and enhance future security. The research and practice of random control experiments and nudging technologies in China have also effectively helped poor farmers improve their physical and mental health, and economic income. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the external validity test of randomized control experiments and nudging techniques, the similarities and differences among them, and combine with the endogenous power of poverty alleviation to formulate more simple, efficient, and strict poverty alleviation policies and projects.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： With the service industry growing rapidly to contribute to about 60% of the world’s GDP, improving customer service quality with high service performance (in-role performance and proactive customer service performance) is critical for service organizational development. Previous research has linked employee service performance with a variety of potential antecedents, such as individual difference factors and organizational factors from resource, identification, and motivation perspectives. Surprisingly, we know little about how customer positive behaviors (e.g., customer-initiated support) might affect employees’ service performance. This is a critical gap to fill because customers have substantial power and impact on front-line service employees through frequent direct interactions with them during service delivery. Drawing on the self-verification theory, the present study aimed to examine the effect of customer-initiated support on employee service performance (in-role performance and proactive customer service performance) and explore the mediating role of organization-based self-esteem and the moderating roles of promotion focus and internal locus of control. We collected three-wave time-lagged data from 652 nurses nested within 139 department supervisors. In the first-wave survey (T1), employees reported perceived customer-initiated support, their promotion focus, internal locus of control, proactive personality, and demographic variables. In the second-wave survey (T2), employees who had completed first wave questionnaires were asked to rate their organizational-based self-esteem. In the third wave survey (T3), employees’ supervisors were asked to report the employees’ service performance, including in-role performance and proactive customer service performance. Results from multilevel modeling analysis showed that: (1) customer-initiated support was positively related to employee organization-based self-esteem; (2) organization-based self-esteem was positively related to employee in-role performance and proactive customer service performance; (3) employee organization-based self-esteem mediated the relation between customer-initiated support and employee in-role performance and proactive customer service performance; (4) promotion focus strengthened the positive relationship between customer-initiated support and organization-based self-esteem, such that the positive relationship between customer-initiated support and organization-based self-esteem is stronger for employees with higher promotion focus; (5) internal locus of control weakened the relationship between customer-initiated support and organization-based self-esteem, such that the positive relationship between customer-initiated support and organization-based self-esteem is weaker for employees with higher internal locus of control. Our findings contribute to literature in several ways. First, we contribute to the service performance literature by identifying customer-initiated support as a potential antecedent. Second, this study uncovers the potential mechanism of customer-initiated support’s impact on employee service performance from the self- verification perspective, which broadens previous research from resources, identification, and motivation perspectives. Third, this study confirms the moderating roles of promotion focus and internal locus of control, which contributes to the understanding of under what conditions the effect of customer-initiated support will be stronger.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-03-22 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS）is highly prevalent but is underdiagnosed in hypertensive patients. There are few studies on the internal association of OSAHS with two predictors of cardiovascular events，namely heart rate variability（HRV）and blood pressure variability（BPV），in hypertensive patients. Objective To explore the influence of OSAHS on HRV and BPV in hypertension patients，and to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the risk of OSAHS in these patients using HRV and BRV related indicators. Methods Two hundred and twenty-eight hypertensive patients〔including 114 without OSAHS（simple hypertension subgroup）and 114 with OSAHS （hypertension with OSAHS subgroup）assessed by the diagnostic criteria of OSAHS〕were selected as internal validation group from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2018 to December 2020，and other 34 hypertensive patients with or without OSAHS who hospitalized in the same hospital during January to February 2021 were selected as an independent external verification group. General information〔age，gender，body mass index（BMI），etc.〕，average blood pressure level〔nighttime systolic blood pressure（nSBP），etc.〕，BPV related indices〔nighttime systolic blood pressure standard deviation（nSSD），nighttime diastolic blood pressure standard deviation（nDSD），24-hour diastolic blood pressure standard deviations（24 hDSD），etc〕，blood pressure circadian rhythm，HRV related parameters〔standard deviation of the mean RR intervals（SDANN），low frequency（LF），etc.〕，polysomnography parameters〔oxygen desaturation index（ODI），apnea hypopnea index（AHI），minimum oxygen saturation（MinSpO2），etc.〕. The general data，average blood pressure level，BPV related indices，circadian rhythm of blood pressure and HRV related indices were compared between simple hypertension subgroup and hypertension with OSAHS subgroup. Then general information，average blood pressure level，BPV and HRV related indices were compared in hypertensive patients with mild，moderate and severe OSAHS stratified by the level of AHI or MinSpO2. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of HRV and BPV. Restricted cubic splines were used to test the correlation of the average blood pressure level，BPV and HRV related indicators with the risk of OSAHS. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of OSAHS，and the screened factors were used to construct a nomogram for predicting OSAHS risk. The Bootstrap method was used to validate the performance of the internal and external groups in the nomogram model. And its predictive value for OSAHS risk in the two groups was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve with the area under the curve（AUC）and other indicators calculated. Results The group of 228 cases〔including 168 males（73.7%）and 60 females（26.3%）〕had a mean age of（62.0±12.9）years and a mean BMI of（24.2±3.5）kg/m2. The BMI of hypertension with OSAHS subgroup was higher than that of simple hypertension subgroup（P<0.05）. Hypertension with OSAHS subgroup had higher nSSD and nDSD， and lower HRV related indices than simple hypertension subgroup（P<0.05）. The average BMI，BPV related indices and HRV related indices differed significantly across hypertensive patients with mild，moderate and severe OSAHS（P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis showed that nSSD had a significant correlation with BMI，AHI and ODI in hypertensive patients with OSAHS，and so did nDSD and HRV related indices（P<0.01）. BMI，ODI and MinSpO2 were independently associated with nSSD，nDSD or HRV related indices in hypertensive patients with OSAHS（P<0.05）. Restricted cubic splines revealed that BPV related indices had a nonlinear relationship with OSAHS，and so did HRV related indices（P<0.05）. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that nSBP，nSSD，24 hDSD，SDANN，LF，age and BMI were associated with OSAHS in hypertensive patients（P<0.05）. The Bootstrap method showed that，The absolute error of the nomogram constructed using age，BMI，nSBP，nSSD，24 hDSD，SDANN and LF was 0.013 in internal verification group，and was 0.021 in external verification group，indicating that the model had good calibration. The values of the AUC of the nomogram in predicting the risk of OSAHS in hypertension in internal and external validation groups were 0.861 and 0.744〔95% CI（0.818，0.919），P<0.001；95%CI（0.691，0.839），P<0.001〕，respectively. Conclusion OSAHS can increase the nSSD and nDSD and decrease HRV in hypertensive patients. Both HRV and BPV are closely related to the severity of OSAHS. Nocturnal hypoxia may be more likely to cause changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Our nomogram could be used to facilitate individualized prediction of OSAHS risk in hypertensive patients. HRV and BPV parameters might be powerful tools to screen for OSAHS.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2021-01-25 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：基于天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川区1980—2016年的水文和气象资料，对冰川区径流在月、日和时尺度的变化特征及其原因进行了分析。结果表明：（1）1980—2016年该区消融期（5—9月）径流总体呈上升趋势，倾向率为3.44×104 m3·a-1，其中6—8月上升趋势较为显著；37 a来8月对径流增多贡献率最大，其次为6月和7月，5月和9月最低；消融期径流在1993年显著增加，5—8月径流均在20世纪90年代发生突变。（2）日径流量自1980s、1990s至2000s显著增加，而2010—2016年径流量有所减少；日径流峰值出现时间在1980s—1990s有明显提前趋势，但在2010—2016年，日径流峰值出现日期趋于稳定。（3）2011—2016年7月和8月昼夜流量变化较为显著；日流量曲线呈现“峰-谷”的日变化特征，且7月和8月峰值出现时间小于6月和9月。（4）1980—2016年，该流域消融期气温和降水均呈上升趋势；相关分析表明6—8月径流与气温均呈显著正相关。总体上冰川区年内径流与气温、降水在月、日尺度上表现出较好的同步性，表明其变化主要受控于同期的气温与降水量状况。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-08-21
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-04-19
Abstract： The outbreak of the COVID-19 in Wuhan China has characterized as a "pandemic" by WHO as the virus spreads increasingly worldwide. As the worst public health incident since new millennium, the COVID-19 is severely threatening human's health and lives. At the same time, the epidemic of COVID-19 has also caused worry and panic among the affected people. A series of chain reactions caused by this negative emotion will further aggravate the destructiveness of the epidemic of COVID-19. Therefore, providing psychological and social support to the people affected by the epidemic event and meeting their psychological and social needs can effectively help the affected people to gradually resume normal social life, improve satisfaction and comfort, and get them out of the epidemic as soon as possible. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out,“The current situation of epidemic prevention and control is severe and complicated. Some people have anxiety and fear. Publicity and public opinion work must be strengthened to guide people to increase their confidence, strengthen their confidence, and focus on stabilizing the public’ s mood.” This study explored the impact of the public's epidemic risk perception on their protective behavior, and the mediating role of social trust and coping efficacy between the public's epidemic risk perception and protective behavior during the outbreak of the COVID-19. The results found that:(1)The public's epidemic risk perception is at a moderately high level, and the public has taken proactive protective actions against the COVID-19. (2)The public's affective risk perception social support have a direct predictive effect on the protective behaviors of positive actions and the plan to solve. (3)The public's social trust and coping efficacy play a partial mediating role between affective risk perception and protective behavior; The public's social trust and coping efficacy play a complete mediating role between cognitive risk perception and protective behavior; The public's social trust and coping efficacy play a partial mediating role between social support and protective behavior.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-03-04
Abstract： This project aims to investigate psychological mechanisms of behavioral poverty trap in China, and hence put forward corresponding risk management strategies. For this purpose, we intend to draw on the new research paradigm in poverty study, which is initiated by behavioral economists, and recruit residents who live in extreme poor areas as participants. First, a framework concerning both the cognitive and motivational base of behavioral poverty trap is proposed as empirical and theoretical route of this project. Second, we analyze how cognitive outcomes of poverty psychologically and neurally affect subsequent decision behavior, as well as how both cognitive and motivational outcomes of poverty jointly influence subsequent decision behavior. In addition, the casual effect of psychological outcomes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior is empirically examined. Third, we further conduct randomized controlled experiments to understand the influence of cognitive changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior, as well as field intervention studies to test the effect of self-identity changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior. Based on these empirical researches, management strategies for poverty alleviation are discussed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-02-26
Abstract： " This project aims to investigate psychological mechanisms of behavioral poverty trap in China, and hence put forward corresponding risk management strategies. For this purpose, we intend to draw on the new research paradigm in poverty study, which is initiated by behavioral economists, and recruit residents who live in extreme poor areas as participants. First, a framework concerning both the cognitive and motivational base of behavioral poverty trap is proposed as empirical and theoretical route of this project. Second, we analyze how cognitive outcomes of poverty psychologically and neurally affect subsequent decision behavior, as well as how both cognitive and motivational outcomes of poverty jointly influence subsequent decision behavior. In addition, the casual effect of psychological outcomes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior is empirically examined. Third, we further conduct randomized controlled experiments to understand the influence of cognitive changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior, as well as field intervention studies to test the effect of self-identity changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior. Based on these empirical researches, management strategies for poverty alleviation are discussed. "
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2019-01-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：科学监测祁连山积雪面积及变化特征对该区域气候研究、雪水资源开发利用、环境灾害预报及生态环境保护等具有重要意义。基于2001—2017年MOD10A2积雪产品和气象数据，分析祁连山积雪面积动态变化特征及与气温降水关系。结果显示：（1）2001—2017年祁连山积雪面积年际波动趋势较大，呈减小趋势，多年平均积雪面积约为5x104 km2，占祁连山总面积的25.9%；年内变化成 “M”型，即在一个积雪年中有两个波峰和波谷，波峰出现在11月和1月，波谷出现在7月；季节变化波动趋势较大，夏冬季积雪面积减小趋势大于春季，秋季呈现略微增加趋势。（2）祁连山区积雪面积主要分布在3 000~4 000 m及4 000~5 000 m，积雪覆盖率随着海拔上升呈现逐渐增大的趋势；祁连山区不同坡向积雪覆盖面积差异较大，积雪覆盖率差异较小；积雪频率高值区呈典型的条带状分布，与祁连山地形相一致，呈西北-东南分布，积雪频率高值区的分布西部大于东部。（3）初步分析认为祁连山积雪面积变化对气温要素更敏感。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2019-01-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：为认识全球变暖背景下中国西部大陆性冰川与海洋性冰川物质平衡变化及其对气候响应，本研究以天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川和藏东南帕隆94号冰川为例，结合大西沟与察隅站气象资料，对1980 — 2015年两条冰川的物质平衡变化特征及差异进行了分析。结果表明：36 a来乌源1号冰川与帕隆94号冰川物质平衡总体上均呈下降趋势，累积物质平衡达-17102与-8159 mm w.e.，相当于冰川厚度减薄19与9.01 m，且分别于1996、2004年左右发生突变。同期两条冰川所处区域年均温呈显著上升趋势，而降水量却表现出不同的变化态势；二者年内气温分配相仿，但降水分配差异较大。初步分析认为气温上升是导致乌源1号冰川与帕隆94号冰川物质亏损的主要原因，冰川区气温和降水变化幅度的差异和地性因子（坡度、冰川面积）的不同使得乌源1号冰川对气候变化响应的敏感性高于帕隆94号冰川，由于目前海洋性冰川物质平衡监测时段相对较短，为深入研究中国西部冰川物质平衡变化及过程仍需加强对冰川的持续观测。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验在合成二氢杨梅素-镍配合物（DMY-Ni）的基础上探讨其作为饲料添加剂的饲用安全性。以二氢杨梅素（DMY）和乙酸镍为原料，采用加热回流法合成DMY-Ni，通过紫外光谱、红外光谱对其进行表征。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法，研究不同浓度（10、20、40、80和160 g/mL）、不同作用时间（12、24、36和48 h）下，DMY与DMY-Ni对小鼠正常肝实质细胞AML12增殖的影响。结果显示：DMY与镍离子配合后可生成DMY-Ni。10、20和40 g/mL DMY或DMY-Ni分别作用AML12细胞48 h后，AML12细胞的存活率与空白对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）；80 g/mL及以上浓度的DMY-Ni作用AML12细胞48 h后，AML12细胞的存活率显著低于空白对照组（P<0.01或P<0.001），160 g/mL的DMY作用AML12细胞48 h后，AML12细胞的存活率显著低于空白对照组（P<0.01）。随DMY或DMY-Ni浓度的增加和作用时间的延长，AML12细胞的存活率逐渐降低。DMY与DMY-Ni对AML12细胞的半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为285.1、222.84 g/mL。由此得出，DMY与DMY-Ni对AML12细胞都具有相对低毒性，且DMY-Ni对AML12细胞的毒性较DMY稍有增加。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-04-19 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Many malware families such as botnet utilize domain generation algorithms(DGAs) to evade detection at present. The mainstream detection algorithms based on artificial rules and machine learning have some limitations due to the fact that DGAs generate domain characters timely and rapidly. The former is somewhat blind to new DGA variants. The latter suffers from the lack of evolving training data. In order to solve these problems, domain encoder and decoder on account of the method of Ascall encoding was defined in this paper and they were combined with the concept of generative adversarial network(GAN) to construct domain character generator. Then the generator was used to predict and generate DGA variants. Experiment results show that the DGA variants generated by this method can act as real DGA samples when these variants are utilized to train and estimate classifiers . This verifies the validity of the generated data and they can be effectively utilized to train and estimate DGA domain detector.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2018-01-25 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To observe the effect of Trichinella spiralis and its worm-derived proteins on cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)-induced sepsis in mice. Methods Eighty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, CLP group, Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML) pre-infection group (ML + CLP group), soluble muscle larvae proteins (SMP) treatment group (SMP + CLP group) and excretory-secretory proteins (MES) treatment group (MES + CLP group). In ML + CLP group, the mice were orally infected with 300 Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae at 28 days before CLP and those in the other groups were intraperitioneally injected with PBS or SMP (25 µg/mice) or MES (25 µg/mice) 30 min after CLP. The general condition and 72-h survival after CLP of the mice were observed. The levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 and TGF-β were measured at 12 h after the operation, and the pathological changes of the liver and idney were observed. Results Compared with the sham-operated mice, the mice in CLP group showed decreased 72-h survival, obviously increased ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TGF-β with hepatic cords disorder, hepatocytes swelling, glomerulus shrinkage, and renal tubular cell edema. Compared with CLP group, the mice in ML+CLP group showed lowered levels of ALT, AST, Cr, TNF-α and IL-1β and increased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β; in SMP + CLP group, the levels of ALT, AST, Cr, TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased and TGF-β increased. In MES + CLP group, the mice showed obviously increased 72-h survival with lowered levels of ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, increased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β, and alleviated liver and kidney damages. Conclusion Trichinella spiralis and its worm-derived proteins can decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase immunomodulatory cytokines, and MES has more potent effect to reduce structural and functional damages of the liver and kidney.
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