Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-07-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract： Rare diseases, also known as "orphan diseases", refer to the diseases which have a very low morbidity. Most of orphan diseases are congenital disease or chronic disease, and they are often dangerous. With the improvement of public awareness, support of national policy and development of diagnosis and treatment technology, orphan drugs market has gradually developed. Sales of the orphan drugs increased year by year and several "heavy bombs" have arisen. The international pharmaceutical companies began to seize the orphan drugs market and intensified drug development. The number of orphan drugs under research and development is more than 500, which are mainly for rare cancer, hereditary diseases, neurological diseases, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. Developed countries and regions have mature management system and market of orphan drugs, but China is still relatively backward in this regard. This paper analyzes the dilemmas of domestic orphan drugs market and puts forward some suggestions for these dilemmas, hoping to promote the development of the domestic orphan drugs market.
Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2021-11-13
Abstract： A large body of studies have shown that home literacy environment (HLE) can significantly promote children’s receptive vocabulary development. However, the blurry operationalization of HLE’s construct and the inconsistency of effect sizes (ESs) in recent studies have made it difficult to understand what really works for children’s receptive vocabulary development at home. This meta-analysis systematically reviewed empirical studies published from 1990 to 2021 to clarify HLE constructs, investigate the main effects, and explore potential moderators. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed published research resulted in 84 articles. Results of random effects model indicated a significant, moderate relation between HLE and children’s receptive vocabulary development, r=0.31, p<0.01. Moderator analysis showed that the ESs of HLE decreased significantly across time periods, while those the frequency of shared reading were stable during past 30 years. The ESs of HLE obtained by questionnaires and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment did not lead to significant differences, while those of the frequency of shared reading obtained by Children’s Title Checklist were significantly higher than those obtained by questionnaires. No moderating effects of cultural backgrounds or child’s age were detected. Findings suggest that there is a need to refine the conceptual framework and measurement methods of HLE, especially paying more attention to social-economic and cultural influences.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： It is known that the innovation capacity of enterprises is an important indication for an innovation economy and basic research is the source of science and technology innovation. Basic research is of course mainly carried out by universities and public research institutions, so what role should China’s enterprises play in basic research has been a long-running debate. Here in this article, we first discussed the connotation of basic research and clarified the importance of applied basic research to enterprises. We then compared the innovation
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To explore the role of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) in airway remodeling and the effect of budesonide intervention on its expression in the lungs of guinea pigs with ovalbumin-induced asthma. Methods Fifty male guinea pigs were randomized into 5 equal groups, including a blank control group, ovalbumin group, ovalbumin+TRPC1 siRNA group, ovalbumin + luciferase siRNA group, and ovalbumin + budesonide group. After corresponding treatments, bronchoalveolar lavage was collected from the guinea pigs for eosinophils analysis and detection of IL-5 and IL-13 levels using ELISA. The lung tissues were stained with HE and Masson's trichrome to observe the bronchial wall thickness, smooth muscle hypertrophy, subepithelial collagen deposition, and lung inflammations. Immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR were performed to detect TRPC1 protein and mRNA expressions in the lungs, respectively. Results The guinea pig models of ovalbumin-induced asthma showed significantly increased thickness of the bronchial wall, smooth muscle hypertrophy, collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration, but these pathologies were obviously alleviated by treatment with TRPC1 siRNA or budesonide (P<0.05). Immunohistochemstry showed that TRPC1 protein was distributed mainly on the cell membrane and in the nuclei of the basal cells or columnar epithelial cells. Conclusion The up-regulated expression of TRPC1 ion channel is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of airway remodeling and chronic airway inflammation in asthma. Budesonide can partially suppress airway remodeling and inflammation by regulating the expression of TRPC1.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Processing submitted time 2024-01-10 Cooperative journals: 《文献与数据学报》
Abstract： ［Purpose/significance］By establishing an evaluation system for intellectual property rights transformation policies, the paper provides reference basis for government departments to formulate scientific and reasonable intellectual property transformation policies, and promotes the development of national intellectual property rights.［Method/process］ On the basis of content analysis and coding of intellectual property transformation policies, a four-dimensional analysis framework is established to determine the evaluation index system of intellectual property transformation policies. Using policy quantification standards and entropy weight TOPSIS model, the six selected intellectual property transformation policies are measured and evaluated. ［Result/conclusion］ The results indicate that among the evaluation indicators of intellectual property transformation policies,the policy objective evaluation indicator has the greatest impact on the evaluation of intellectual property transformation policies, while the weight difference between policy intensity, policy tools, policy objectives, and policy action objects is relatively small among the evaluation indicators of intellectual property transformation policies. The policy tool evaluation indicator has the smallest impact on the evaluation of intellectual property transformation policies. In addition, the comprehensive ranking results of the six policies show that “the Opinions of the Ministry of Education, the China National Intellectual Property Administration, the Ministry of Science and Technology on Improving the Quality of Patents in Colleges and Universities and Promoting the Transformation and Application” is relatively ranked at the top, while “the Notice on Implementing the Special Plan for Patent Transformation to Assist the Innovative Development of Small and Medium sized Enterprises” and “the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Carrying out the Special Supervision of the Implementation of Policies for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements” are relatively behind. Finally, based on the research results, it identifies the shortcomings of the study and proposes corresponding policy recommendations.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-03-01 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： To understand the relationship between C, N, and P contents of the leaves of desert plants and soil environmental factors, 14 desert plant communities in high and low water or salt environments in Xinjiang Ebinur Lake Nature Reserve were used as research subjects. The C, N, and P contents of the leaves were determined, their stoichiometric ratio, homeostasis characteristics, and their relationship with soil environmental factors were discussed. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN), C:N, C:P, N, and P contents of leaves under varying water-salt environments. (2) Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the leaf C:P demonstrated a significant negative correlation with soil conductivity (EC), SOC, C:N, and C:P (P< 0.05). Leaf P was positively correlated with soil SOC and C:N; leaf N was positively correlated with soil C:N; and leaf C:N was positively associated with soil TN (P 4, which belonged to the absolute steady state, indicating that the plants in this study area demonstrated good adaptability to soil nutrients.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2019-06-13 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：飞蝗Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus)系斑翅蝗科Oedipodidae飞蝗属Locusta Linnaeus洲际性农业重大害虫，在我国主要包括东亚飞蝗L.migratoria manilensis (Meyen)、亚洲飞蝗[WTBX]L.migratoria[WTBZ] (Linnaeus)和西藏飞蝗L.migratoria tibetensis Chen。掌控飞蝗灾害的地理空间分布并预测起潜在的适宜分布区，对于我国飞蝗灾害的综合防控具有重要意义。结合三种中国飞蝗灾害记录地理信息和生物环境环境因子参数，应用最大熵模型(MaxEnt) 和地理信息技术(GIS) ，在3 km×3 km尺度上对三种飞蝗灾害在中国的地理分布空间格局梯度、灾害风险概率和风险等级进行了模拟预测与分析，并对影响分布的关键生物气候环境因子进行了分析。结果显示，蝗灾害风险区的地理分布模拟结果与历史记录完全符合，ROC检验表明MaxEnt 模型预测可靠性极高。三种飞蝗东亚飞蝗、亚洲飞蝗和西藏飞蝗在中国的灾害风险区总面积依次分别为315.87×104 km2、395.80×104 km2和125.00×104 km2，分别占国土面积的33.43%、41.96% 和13.25%。东亚飞蝗和亚洲飞蝗的灾害风险区存在75.8×104 km2的空间重叠，主要分布于我国农牧交错区及以南区域。三种飞蝗灾害风险区的地理梯度与分布格局与中国三大自然地理区高度吻合，其地理分布格局表现出显著的经度和纬度空间梯度异质性。刀切法检测（Jackknife test）表明，三种飞蝗灾害的主导生物—气候影响因子的不同导致了其地理分布格局的显著差异，表明蝗灾爆发概率同时受到各自不同飞蝗物种对气候环境的适应性与地理空间隔离作用的共同制约。研究结果可为我国飞蝗灾害的跨界联合全程防控、区域联网监测联控和综合治理提供参考依据。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2019-01-03 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： This paper developed a hybrid convolution neural network for perceptual crowd counting, which could accurately predict density maps in extremely crowded scenes. It consists of merely two components: the front-end is a dilated convolutional neural network to extract two-dimensional features; the back-end deployed a fractionally strided convolution to lower the loss of image information caused by down-sampling. This paper designed the model structure based on the dataset Shanghai Tech, then in an attempt to acknowledge and analyze the performance of the algorithm, , and afterwards made use of the evaluation indicators of the regression problem, the average absolute error (MAE) and the mean-square error (MSE) as the criteria. Additionally, testing the method on Shanghai Tech (MAE=100.8) , UCF_CC_50 (MAE=305.3) and WorldExpo'10 datasets while the experiment results reveal that the proposed model can effectively reduce MAE and MSE when compared with previous methods.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-05-29 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：土壤重金属污染问题日益严重，具有普遍性、隐蔽性、表聚性、不可逆性等特点，已经成为环境污染治理中的热点、难点问题。解磷微生物能够依靠自身的代谢产物或通过与其他生物的协同作用，将土壤中的难溶性磷转化为可供植物吸收利用的磷，具有多重植物促生长功能和重金属解毒能力，可在重金属毒害水平下，促进植物生长、提高植物抗病能力、克服重金属对植物生长的不利影响，从而增强重金属修复植物的生存竞争力。从解磷微生物的研究现状入手，介绍了解磷微生物对土壤重金属污染的修复能力，综述了解磷微生物对土壤重金属污染修复的作用机制，分析了目前解磷微生物在重金属修复过程中存在的问题，并提出了今后研究的方向，为重金属污染土壤的修复提供了新思路。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的肌醇对獭兔皮肤中β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）和激素敏感酯酶（HSL）表达的影响。选取（40±1）日龄的同期断奶獭兔120只(公母各占1/2)，随机分成4组，每组30只。在4组獭兔的饲粮中分别添加0、25、50、75 mg/kg的肌醇，试验期为3个月。在试验的第30天（2月龄）、第60天（3月龄）和第90天（4月龄），分别取腹部、背中部、臀部皮肤，采用免疫组织化学和蛋白质印迹（Western blot）法对β-catenin和HSL的表达和定位进行检测。结果表明：β-catenin在毛囊中广泛表达，在毛根鞘细胞和毛乳头均有棕黄色阳性反应细胞。HSL在毛根鞘细胞，尤其是在内根鞘细胞内，呈现非常明显的棕黑色强阳性表达。饲粮中添加50 mg/kg肌醇可以极显著增加2~4月龄獭兔背中部皮肤毛囊中β-catenin和HSL阳性表达细胞的平均灰度值（P＜0.01），极显著增加4月龄獭兔背中部、腹部和臀部皮肤毛囊中β-catenin和HSL阳性表达细胞的平均灰度值（P＜0.01）。结果提示，肌醇能够通过上调4月龄獭兔毛囊中β-catenin和HSL的表达来促进毛囊的发育，在本试验中，饲粮肌醇水平达到50 mg/kg时效果最佳。
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-03-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：通过对采自广西24 个县（市）的1 147 份青藓科植物标本的逐一鉴定及相关文献的查阅，确认广西青藓科植物有11 属、44 种，其中包括广西青藓科植物新纪录属1 属，即拟异叶藓属（Pseudokindbergia），新纪录种7 种，分别为拟异叶藓（P. dumosa）、匐枝青藓（Brachythecium procumbens）、阔叶尖喙藓（Oxyrrhynchium latifolium）、泛生尖喙藓（O. vagans）、华东细喙藓（Rhynchostegiella sinensis）、长肋拟青藓（Sciuro-hypnum populeum）和弯叶拟青藓（S. reflexum）。该文提供了修订后的广西青藓科植物名录，并对其中的新纪录属、种的主要形态学识别特征、生境和地理分布等进行了详细描述。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：基于山西省24个气象站点1960—2016年逐日最高、最低、平均气温数据，运用线性倾向估计法、Mann-Kendall非参数检验法、Morlet小波分析等方法，分析了山西省近56 a“数九”时节气温的时空变化特征。结果表明：（1） 近56 a山西“数九”时节气温均呈上升趋势，其中平均最高气温上升趋势最大，约为0.5 ℃·（10 a）-1。就平均气温变化而言，“五九”变化趋势最大，约为0.703 ℃·（10 a）-1，就分布而言，“四九”值最低，“五九”开始回暖，“六九”回暖幅度最大。20世纪90年代前后各“九”各项平均气温对比发现，最低值延后，回暖时间提前，“数九”冷期缩短。（2） “数九”时节气温高值区主要集中在晋南山间盆地、河谷区，以运城盆地最为明显，低值区主要分布于以晋东北五台山为中心的山地丘陵区，增温幅度分布情况大致与此相反。（3） 在1990年左右气温均出现暖突变，平均最高气温突变前后变化最大，约为1.73 ℃。（4） 气温周期变化明显，均存在4~8 a短时间尺度周期。本研究填补山西省 对“数九”时节气温变化研究的空白，为山西省气候资源评价和农业生产布局提供科学依据。
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-02-01 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：2012年采用船基截线法在珠江口西部河口进行了中华白海豚（Sousa chinensis）调查，并同步对渔业资源和渔业环境要素进行了现场采样测定，以分析该水域中华白海豚空间分布与环境因子的关系。利用广义加性模型（GAM）分析了中华白海豚目击率与海况、水深、底层水温、盐度、pH值、溶解氧、游泳生物密度、捕食种密度和离岸距离等的关系。GAM模型对中华白海豚目击率分布的总偏差解释率为64.7%，游泳生物密度、水深、捕食种密度、离岸距离、底层水温等对中华白海豚的栖息地选择有较大的影响。模型分析结果显示：中华白海豚的活动与捕食种密度密切相关，但当捕食种密度达到一定程度时对海豚目击率的影响减弱，推测可能与食物较多时海豚逗留捕食时间减少有关；中华白海豚较为喜欢的水深在10m左右，这一模拟结果与以前的统计结果基本一致；中华白海豚对底层水温似乎有一定的选择性，当底层水温大于19.5℃时目击率明显下降，推测底层水温可能影响了捕食种鱼类的分布，进而影响海豚的活动；离岸距离3km范围内是中华白海豚较为喜欢的水域，因此对这一水域范围应给予重点保护管理。
Subjects: Engineering and technical science >> Technology of Instrument and Meter submitted time 2024-02-06
Abstract： The demodulation frequency of the demodulation system based on F-P filter is slow, and the demodulation error will be generated when the physical quantity with high change frequency is measured. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the demodulation frequency on the premise of ensuring the demodulation accuracy. To solve this problem, a demodulation system based on MEMS vibroscope is proposed, including the construction of a demodulation system based on MEMS vibroscope. The optical etalon is used to solve the problem that the driving voltage and output wavelength of the MEMS vibroscope have nonlinear errors that affect the demodulation accuracy, and the stress wavelength value of the sensor is demodulated by the principle of center wavelength positioning and the peak search algorithm. Finally, the static performance of the demodulation system is tested with an equal strength cantilever beam. The flexible plate is driven by a motor to run sinusoidal curves with frequency of 1Hz and 5Hz respectively, and the demodulation system is used to collect data. Experiments show that the linearity of the demodulation system is 0.85%, and the coefficient of determination is 0.9847 when fitting the wavelength curve.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-11-29 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Feature selection technology plays an important role in big data analysis, image processing, bioinformatics and other fields. In practical applications, the objectives of reducing the classification error rate and reducing the number of extracted features for facilitating the use of subsequent data, are often two conflicting goals. The multi-object particle swarm optimization based on crowding, mutation, dominance for feature selection (CMDPSOFS) is a kind of bi-objective optimization algorithm with the minimal number of features and classification error rate in feature-oriented selection applications. The algorithm uses three different mutation mechanisms for maintaining swarm diversity and balancing global and local search capabilities. However, the uniform variation increases the randomness of the algorithm, resulting in the generation of worse solutions, which reduces the convergence speed of the algorithm. This paper proposed an improved CMDPSOFS-II algorithm to introduce the mutation and selection operations of differential evolution algorithm into the CMDPSOFS algorithm. The experimental results show that the CMDPSOFS-II algorithm is superior to the original method in feature selection and better balances global and local search capabilities.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-27 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To investigate the role of miR-21 in airway immunologic dysfunction induced by cold air irritation.Methods Immortalized human airway epithelial cell lines BEAS-2B and 16HBE cells were cultured in air-liquid phases. The differential expressions of endogenous miR-21, miR-164, and miR-155 in the cells induced by cold air exposure for different time were detected by real-time PCR. The reporter plasmid containing wild-type or mutated 3'UTR of TLR-4 were constructed and co-transfected into BEAS-2B cells or 16HBE cells together with miR-21 mimic, miR-21 mimic control, miR-21 inhibitor, or miR-21 inhibitor control. Following the transfection, dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the action of miR-21 on TLR-4. miR-21 mimic, miR-21 mimic control, miR-21 inhibitor, and miR-21 inhibitor control were transfected via lipofectamine 2000 in BEAS-2B or 16HBE cells that were subsequently exposed to a temperature at 37 ℃ or cold irritation (30 ℃), and the protein levels of TLR-4/MyD88 were detected by Western blotting. Results Cold irritation caused a time-dependent up-regulation of miR-21 in both BEAS-2B and 16HBE cells (P<0.05) without obviously affecting the expressions of miR-164 and miR-155. Dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated a direct combination of miR-21 and its target protein TLR-4. The synthesis levels of TLR-4/MyD88 protein were decreased in miR-21 mimic group even at a routine culture temperature (P<0.05), as also seen in cells with cold irritation (P<0.05). Treatment with the miR-21 inhibitor partially attenuated cold irritation-induced down-regulation of TLR-4/MyD88 protein (P<0.05). Conclusion Cold air irritation-induced airway immunologic dysfunction is probably associated with TLR-4/MyD88 down-regulation by an increased endogenic miR-21.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究乳酸片球菌对肥育猪生长性能、肠道抗氧化能力、形态结构和微生物区系的影响。选取48头体重为（62.46±1.20） kg的“杜×长×大”肥育猪，将其随机分为2组，每组4个重复，每个重复6头猪（公母各占1/2）。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组饲喂基础饲粮中添加0.1 g/kg乳酸片球菌制剂（1.0×1010 CFU/g）的试验饲粮。试验期56 d。结果表明，与对照组相比:1)饲粮添加乳酸片球菌对肥育猪平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比无显著影响（P>0.05）。2)饲粮添加乳酸片球菌显著提高了肥育猪十二指肠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、空肠总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性以及回肠过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性（P<0.05）。3)饲粮添加乳酸片球菌显著降低了肥育猪十二指肠隐窝深度（P<0.05），显著提高了黏膜厚度（P<0.05）、肠壁厚度（P<0.05）以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度（P<0.05）；显著降低了空肠隐窝深度（P<0.05），显著增加了绒毛高度/隐窝深度（P<0.05）；显著增加了回肠绒毛高度（P<0.05）。4)饲粮添加乳酸片球菌显著增加了肥育猪空肠乳酸菌数量、定植抗力（P<0.05），显著降低了大肠杆菌数量（P<0.05）。由此可见，饲粮添加0.1 g/kg乳酸片球菌（1.0×1010 CFU/g）能改善肥育猪肠道微生物区系和肠道形态结构，增强肠道抗氧化能力，进而促进肥育猪的肠道健康。
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Other Disciplines of Nuclear Science submitted time 2023-11-09
Abstract： The fluorescence screen system is used to measure beam transverse profile in the accelerator. In order to further improve the measurement accuracy of the system, this paper proposes a method, filling the orientation lines of fluorescence screen with a simplified Fast Matching Method (FMM), so that the filled fluorescence screen images can reflect the beam profile information more truly. Firstly, the study uses Matlab to generate the simulated fluorescence screen images, and comparative analysis the beam profile parameters of the analog image before and after algorithm processing. The simulation results show that the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of the processed simulated image is closer to 1, and the Mean Square Error (MSE) is smaller. Finally, the fluorescence screen images collected by the medical Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM) were used for verification. After processing the fluorescence screen images collected by HIMM, the profile measurement results are close to the evaluation value. The results of this study provide a basis for the FPGA algorithm acceleration of the subsequent beam transverse profile parameter algorithm.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The symbiotic fungi in roots of young Quercus wutaishansea at different ages were isolated directly from root tips to elucidate community structure and dynamic changes. The isolated fungi were identified based on the morphological characteristics of colony and molecular analysis. The results were as follows: （1）A total of 249 fungal strains were isolated from the roots of young Q. wutaishansea, 18 species belonging to 15 genera, 8 families, 7 orders, 8 classes and 2 phyla were recognized. Among them, 2 species are ascomycotes and 16 species are basidiomycets. Pezicula pruinosa was the species with the highest isolation frequency (81.93%), followed by Dactylonectria torresensis (4.02%), Ilyonectria robusta (2.01%) and Atrocalyx nordicus (2.01%). （2）Significant differences in species and quantities of symbiotic fungi demonstrate in different ages of young Quercus wutaishansea, with the highest frequency of isolation occurring in the 4-5 years old (44.98%) followed by the triennial (29.32%), biennial (19.68%) and annual (6.02%). To sum up, culturable symbiotic fungi in the roots of young Q. wutaishansea on Liupan Mountain were highly diverse. Species and quantities of isolates varied at different ages of trees, and the diversity increased with the growth of tree. Pezicula pruinosa is the most dominant culturable symbiotic fungi in roots of young Quercus wutaishansea. The results lay the foundation for further investigating symbiotic fungal resources and exploring the microbial symbiotic mechanism of Q. wutaishansea in adapting to local environment.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To investigate the changes of telemetry electrical activity in the infralimbic cortex (IL) of morphine- dependent rats with extinguished drug-seeking behavior. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into model group and control group and received operations of brain stereotaxic electrode embedding in the IL. The rats in the model group were induced to acquire morphine dependence and then received subsequent extinction training, and the changes of electrical activity in the IL were recorded with a physical wireless telemetry system. Results In rats with morphine dependence, the time staying in the white box was significantly longer on days 1 and 2 after withdrawal than that before morphine injection and that of the control rats, but was obviously reduced on days 1 and 2 after extinction training to the control level. Compared with the control group, the morphine-dependent rats on day 2 following withdrawal showed significantly increased β wave and decreased δ wave when they stayed in the white box but significantly increased δ wave and decreased α wave and β wave when they shuttled from the black to the white box. On day 2 of extinction, the model rats, when staying in the white box, showed significantly decreased θ wave compared with that of the control rats group but decreased β wave and θ wave and increased δ wave compared with those in the withdrawal period. When they shuttled from black to white box, the model rats showed decreased δ wave and increased α wave and β wave compared with those in the withdrawal period. Conclusion Morphine-dependent rats have abnormal changes of electrical activity in the IL in drug-seeking extinction to affect their drug-seeking motive and inhibit the expression and maintenance of drug-seeking behaviors.
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