Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2020-01-30
Abstract： The prediction for the frequency of typhoon is one of important contents in the flood season consultation. At present, the schemes used in the flood season consultation are mainly based on model-outputs, and not suitable for qualitatively analysis. In this paper, monthly average data of height from the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) are applied for constructing some indexes characterizing the monthly numbers of typhoon in western North Pacific by using the cost function of data assimilation based on the deviation information of the height, and an index model for the monthly frequency of typhoon of active season is established. Comparisons of the results show that, the correlation between the indexs sequence and the typhoon frequency sequence can reach 0.7, and the model based on the indexes is a good indicator of the monthly frequency information of the typhoon active season, which has a good reference value for the monthly frequency prediction of typhoon. " "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> History of Psychology submitted time 2020-01-30
Abstract： Scarcity is a state due to dissatisfaction of individual desire and demand, which is resulted from real scarcity of resource or perceived scarcity of resource. As a universal phenomenon, scarcity plays an important role in individual emotion, perception and behavior. Tangible resource scarcity is represented by scarcity in food, product and capital, whereas intangible resource scarcity is represented by scarcity in time. Are there any similarities and differences in different kinds of scarcity? This question has not been addressed by past scarcity research. After combing theses, this paper found that tangible resource scarcity led to individual’s cherishing behavior, compensation behavior, and approaching behavior, whereas intangible resource scarcity only led to cherishing behavior and compensation behavior. Future research should focus on the boundary conditions under which scarcity would not affect individuals’ behavior, and the impact of time scarcity on individual psychology and behavior. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-01-29
Abstract： A considerable number of college graduates enter the workforce every year. Given increasingly heightened competition, understanding how to transform college graduates into engaged and productive organizational employees is crucial. Although numerous studies on organizational socialization exist, most are generally focused on organizational control. However, as work roles become increasingly dynamic in the changing environment, successful organizational socialization requires newcomers to develop an innovative role orientation to be able to constantly shape their role in the workplace and better serve organizational goals. Drawing on the self-expression perspective, this study attempted to explore whether newcomer job crafting could facilitate role performance (i.e., task performance and creativity). Moreover, we examined how initial leader-member exchange (LMX) and individual traditionality jointly influence newcomer job crafting. We conducted a four-wave survey among 256 newcomers from a large machinery manufacturer in China. The final matched sample size was 125. Results showed that (a) newcomer job crafting was significantly related to work engagement, which in turn, resulted in high levels of task performance and creativity; (b) LMX positively affected job crafting only in newcomers with high levels of traditionality; and (c) traditionality moderated the positive indirect effect of LMX on task performance and creativity via job crafting and work engagement. That is, positive indirect effects were significant in newcomers with high levels of traditionality. Our study provides several theoretical contributions. First, we examine an employee-centered organizational socialization process from the perspective of self-expression. Second, this research develops a comprehensive newcomer job crafting model including the antecedents and consequences of newcomer job crafting. Third, we add to the employee creativity literature by highlighting how to promote newcomer creativity from the lens of job crafting. Besides its theoretical implications, this study presents practical implications on how to quickly transform new hires into productive and creative employees. Moreover, our study recommends organizations to encourage newcomers to craft their job during organizational entry to engender high levels of task performance and to tap into the creativity of new hires. However, managers should be aware that the quality of LMX is likely to be influential in promoting job crafting among newcomers with high levels of traditionality.
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2020-01-29
Abstract： A cluster of negative personality traits such as trait anxiety, trait depression, trait anger, trait hostility, has long been viewed as high risk factors that lead to cardiovascular diseases. Patterns of stress cardiovascular responses are the important physiological pathways through which personality traits influence cardiovascular diseases. In the past decades, studies exploring the associations between negative personality traits and patterns of stress cardiovascular responses have mainly focused on a specific negative trait and its cardiovascular responses to a single low/moderate stress exposure, however, no study to date has differentiated two types of negative traits and their relations with patterns of cardiovascular responses to repeated stress exposure under distinct intensity conditions. The present study sought to investigate the associations between avoidance vs. approach negative traits and the patterns of cardiovascular responses to two successive stress exposures under moderate and high intensity psychosocial stress conditions. Moreover, the potential mechanisms underlying these associations were preliminarily explored by considering the mediating role of stress cognitive appraisals. Eligible 167 healthy undergraduate students recruited from universities in Xi’an (58 males, 109 females), aged 17~25 years (19.23 ± 1.13), took part in the present study. Upon arrival, participants completed a package of questionnaires including trait depression, trait anxiety, trait anger, and trait hostility. Then, participants were randomly assigned to either moderate- or high-intensity psychosocial stress condition, and underwent four laboratory phases: baseline, stress exposure 1, post-stress 1, stress exposure 2. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine the main effects of stress intensity, avoidance and approach negative traits, as well as interaction effects of negative traits and stress intensity in predicting cardiovascular reactivity to, cardiovascular recovery from stress, and cardiovascular reactivity to repeated stress. Furthermore, mediation effect analyses were conducted to explore whether the associations between negative traits and stress cardiovascular reactivity were mediated by cognitive appraisals. Results showed that the mock interview tasks used for both two stress exposures were effective in eliciting subjective and physiological stress responses. Intensity of psychosocial stress was successfully manipulated, with high-intensity stress elicited greater psychophysiological responses than low-intensity stress. Regression analyses showed that regardless of the stress intensity, avoidance negative trait predicted blunted stress cardiovascular reactivity to the first and second stress exposures, and predicted poor cardiovascular recovery after the stress exposure. Whereas, approach negative trait predicted greater stress cardiovascular reactivity to the first and second stress exposures, and predicted poor cardiovascular recovery after the stress exposure. In addition, mediation analyses showed that the association between avoidance negative trait and HR reactivity to repeated stress was mediated by perceived personal resources to repeated stress. Overall, the present study findings suggest that both two types of negative trait are associated with a rigid stress cardiovascular response pattern in coping with a changing environment. In specific, avoidance negative trait is associated with blunted stress cardiovascular reactivity and poor cardiovascular recovery, whereas approach negative trait is associated with greater stress cardiovascular reactivity and poor cardiovascular recovery, implying differential physiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases. " "
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-01-22 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 低噪声放大器(Low Noise Amplifier, LNA)是接收机系统中的关键器件，其性能决定了接收机系统的噪声温度和对微弱射电信号的放大的能力。本文采用Avago公司砷化镓（GaAs）工艺的pHEMT ATF-54134 研制了一款可工作在1.35～2.0 GHz频率范围内的低噪声放大器。该放大器采用两级拓扑结构，单电源自偏置供电。典型增益28 dB，典型噪声温度35 K，输入回波损耗优于-10 dB，输出回波损耗优于-15 dB，输入1 dB压缩点为-13 dBm。该放大器除了可用于射电天文中对中性氢，脉冲星和羟基进行观测的射电望远镜接收机中以外，还可用于电波环境监测系统中。
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-01-21
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-01-21
Abstract： In our daily life, people have plenty of opportunities to share their memories of past experience or knowledge with others. In such conversation, the phenomenon which, due to conscious or unconscious selective retrieval of speakers, listeners forget the unmentioned but relevant memories, is called socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (SS-RIF). Based on previous research of the phenomenon, the current study focuses on the influence of bottom-up processing of social interactive situations and top-down cognitive control of inhibition on SS-RIF, investigating whether the presence of speaker or not, and the listener’s ability of various types of inhibition control would affect the occurrence and scale of SS-RIF. In Experiment 1, a 2 (interactive level: the presence of the speaker, the absence of the speaker) × 2 (interactive role: speaker, listener) × 4 (item types: Rp+, Rp–, Nrp+, Nrp–) mixed design was adopted, in which interactive level was the between-participants design while interactive role and item type were the within-participants design. The dependent variable was the correct recall proportion in the final recall test. A total of 116 healthy volunteers participated in Experiment 1. They were randomly assigned to different interactive level conditions. All participants of Experiment 1 were recruited in Experiment 2 to explore the effect of different types of inhibitory control on socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting in different experimental conditions. It was found in Experiment 1 that, regardless of condition, the phenomenon of within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting in speakers appeared; however, the socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting in listeners only arose in the presence of the speaker condition. Furthermore, Experiment 2, carried out on the basis of Experiment 1, showed that the effect of socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting was independent from levels of inhibitory control. Interestingly, in the presence of the speaker condition, the effect of socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting in listeners was correlated with the effect of their within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting as speakers. The above results indicate that the factor of social interactive situation indeed plays a significant role in the effect of SS-RIF. Without the presence of speaker, through monitoring the accuracy of audio material, listener’s SS-RIF do not appear. Moreover, the finding that levels of inhibition control do not affect SS-RIF may provide evidence for the double or multiple mechanisms under SS-RIF in social interactive condition, that is, not only inhibition, but also other mechanisms such as blocking jointly explain the phenomenon of SS-RIF. Furthermore, according to the correlation of the same person’s effect of socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting as listener and within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting as speaker, it can be speculated that the inner mechanism of SS-RIF and RIF shares certain similarities. These findings are of great significance for understanding the occurrence conditions and factors affecting socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting, and shed light on the bidirectional processing model of SS-RIF. Further, they contribute to the revelation of the important role of SS-RIF in listeners forming collective memory, and provide some inspiring viewpoints for future research.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2020-01-20
Abstract： As for violent behaviors, previous researches mostly focused on actual violent behaviors. With the development of social networks, more and more attention has been paid to verbal attacks on the Internet. According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, we believed that in addition to the "outward verbal violence" in the popular sense, there is also "inward verbal violence". This study aimed to explore the relationship between life satisfaction and verbal attack in different orientations by text analysis based on big data of Weibo. Results showed that the “inward verbal violence” was negatively related to life satisfaction (r = -0.167, p <0.001), and the correlation coefficient between “outward verbal violence” and life satisfaction was 0.031, however which was not significant (p = 0.089). Lower “inward verbal violence” and higher “outward verbal violence” can significantly predict life satisfaction. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-01-20 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 传统的极移预报多是基于最小二乘外推和自回归等线性模型，但极移包含了复杂的非线性成分，线性模型的预报效果往往不甚理想。将一种新型神经网络—极限学习机（extreme learning machine，ELM） 用于极移中长期预报。首先利用最小二乘外推模型对极移序列进行拟合，获得趋势项外推值，然后采用ELM对最小二乘拟合残差进行预报，最终的极移预报值为趋势项外推值与残差预报值之和。将ELM的预报结果同反向传播（back propagation，BP）神经网络与地球定向参数预报比较活动（Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign，EOP PCC）的预报结果进行对比，结果表明：ELM用于极移中长期预报是高效可行的。
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2020-01-18
Abstract： The cultural competence of mental health services has gradually developed as increasing attention has been paid to the cultural diversity of Europe and North America. There exist two differing theoretical orientations with similar practice strategies. The content-oriented approach emphasizes static, structured cultural competence, while the process-oriented approach stresses dynamic, unstructured cultural competence. The similarities and difficulties of the two orientations are manifestations of a balance between cultural specificity and generality in the studies and practices of cultural competence. The paper finally explores how to promote cultural competence in China based on experiences abroad and Chinese realities within the context of improving the system of public psychological services.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-01-18
Abstract： Fear has been often given priority to effective processing for the need to evade threatening stimuli. Most of researches have probed the influence of high and low spatial frequencies on the processing of fearful faces from the perspective of the two-channel model. Low spatial frequency components of the fearful face can be processed preferentially in the subcortical pathway. The high spatial frequency mainly processes the fearful faces through the cortical pathway. On this basis, researchers have proposed multiple pathways. The purpose of this paper is to review the subcortical, cortical and multiple pathways from the physiological perspective, and then organize the effects that high/low spatial frequencies on the processing of fearful faces in the various pathways and propose the controversies. Finally, we suggested several focuses that could be studied in the future."
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica submitted time 2020-01-16
Abstract： Chronic renal failure is the last stage of the progressive nephropathy，which include multiple complications and adverse prognosis. Symptomatic treatment is the main therapy, when diagnosed with uremia, only dialysis and kidney transplantation are available, which cost high medical expenses and heavy social burden. Professor Lyu Renhe has rich experience with ganoderma lucidum and rhodiola rosea in the treatment of chronic renal failure, Consequently we concluded and interpret that." " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Management Science >> Enterprise Management submitted time 2020-01-15
Abstract： Viral marketing refers to the marketing approach through which marketers generate online contents on social networks and attract consumers to share them and make them viral. The paper develops a literature review on the factors that make online contents viral, including content characteristics, psychological motives, emotional responses, situational factors and individual traits. The framework can provide theoretical guidance for brands and We Media to increase sharing rate of their online contents. Future studies should focus on exploring the influential mechanism of specific emotions on sharing intention, identifying more situational factors in the context of Chinese culture, measuring the performance of viral marketing, investigating psychological and behavioral consequences of viral marketing and adopting multiple methods."
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-01-14
Abstract： Human perception to near-threshold visual stimuli is not always reliable. To investigate variability of visual perception and its neural mechanism, some researchers focus on the influences of prestimulus ongoing alpha oscillations (8~13 Hz) on visual perception. Recently, studies found that decrease of prestimulus alpha power associated with improvement of observers’ detection rate, but no such effect on perception accuracy was found. In addition, phase of prestimulus alpha was reported to predict whether an observer can detect the following visual stimulus or not. Thus, power of prestimulus alpha is considered to reflect the excitability of visual cortex; decrease of alpha power indicates increase of cortical excitability, which results in higher detection rate of near-threshold stimuli. Nevertheless, phase of prestimulus alpha might play a role in regulating the time of excitation and inhibition of the cortex, and the different brain states (excitation or inhibition) at stimulus onset would lead to different perceptions of the stimulus.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Forestry submitted time 2020-01-13
Abstract： " This paper introduced the origin, formation and development of the discipline of chemical processing engineering of forest products by analyzing the effect of the fundamental disciplines of chemistry, chemical engineering and biology on the scientific theory and technology development in the area of chemical utilization of forestry plant resources in terms of the basic concepts of discipline science in the past more than 100 years. On these basis, we proposed the idea of the modern discipline of chemical processing engineering of forest products, and elucidated that this modern discipline is concerned with a scientific system of theories and technologies on utilization of forest plant resources by two main approaches of chemistry and bio-chemistry aiming to synthesize and prepare biomass-based energy source, chemicals and functional materials. Finally, we discussed the scientific and technological challenges that the modern discipline of chemical processing engineering of forest products is predominantly faced with in the future.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2020-01-13
Abstract： Kernel equating procedures include pre-smoothing, estimation of the score probabilities, continuization, equating, and evaluation of equating performance. By incorporating linear equating and equipercentile equating methods, kernel equating is more extensible and comprehensive. Pre-smoothing and continuization are distinctive features in kernel equating to reduce the standard error of equating. Standard error of the difference between equating functions are calculated as criterion for evaluating the performances of different kernel equatings. Continuization methods, bandwidth selection methods, etc., can affect the performance of kernel equating. New equating methods based on kernel equating provide an innovative perspective for researchers. Further researchers could focus on extending kernel equating framework by integrating other methods, updating smoothing procedures, and comparative studies.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-01-12
Abstract： 近期研究发现时间可以分别在三个空间维度（左右、前后和上下）进行表征，但不同维度心理时间线的起源和激活机制尚存争议。最新证据表明，左右维度时间线主要起源于阅读/书写习惯所伴随的感觉运动经验，其激活可能是一种低水平的感觉运动机制；前后和上下维度时间线主要起源于语言中的空间隐喻，其激活可能是一种高水平的语义机制。未来研究应更关注心理时间线的起源多样性、先天基础、神经机制以及时间线和数字线的类比。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology submitted time 2020-01-12
Abstract： " Feedback-related negativity (FRN) refers to the electroencephalogram component induced by feedback processing which reflects the individual's sensitivity to reward. Addiction can be broadly classified into substance addiction and behavior addiction. Both types of addicted individuals show pathological patterns in feedback processing. Comparing with the ordinary feedback (such as money), the FRN amplitude induced by feedback of addiction substance significantly increased in individuals with substance addiction. In the control study with non-addicted subjects, substance addicts also showed abnormal patterns relating to addiction when processing monetary feedback stimuli. Similar FRN irregularities were also observed in individuals with behavioral addiction. However, the classification of addiction disorders in most previous studies is not specific enough, and the characteristics of different subtypes of addiction disorders should be further taken into consideration in future studies. Moreover, addicted individuals are often accompanied by other mental disorders (such as depression, anxiety). Further studies should distinguish the influences of comorbid factors and reveal the unique reward processing mechanisms underlying addiction. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-01-12 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：采用砂培法，分别以2 种喜钙型金花茶[直脉金花茶（Camellia multipetala）和柠檬金花茶（C. limonia）]和2 种嫌钙型金花茶[金花茶（Camellia nitidissima）和东兴金花茶（C.tunghinensis）]幼苗为试验材料，用不同浓度的Ca2+（设为5、25、50、100 mmol·L-1）营养液进行培养，研究其对两种不同类型金花茶的光合及生理指标的影响，以期探讨喜钙型金花茶对高钙环境的生理适应机制，分析嫌钙型金花茶的避钙机理。结果表明：两种嫌钙型金花茶的净光合速率Pn、气孔导度Gs、实际光化学效率ΦPSII、电子传递效率ETR、Chl a、Chlb、Chl 总量等均随Ca2+浓度的升高而降低，表明高钙环境降低了嫌钙型金花茶的光合能力；喜钙型金花茶的这些指标在不同Ca2+浓度下并无显著变化，高钙环境并未影响其光合作用的正常进行。嫌钙型金花茶叶片丙二醛含量和PSII 最大光化学效率Fv/Fm 在高钙环境下并未有显著变化，表明其光合膜系统还未受到伤害。随着Ca2+浓度的升高，嫌钙型金花茶叶片脯氨酸含量显著增加，而可溶性糖含量变化并不大；喜钙型金花茶在不同Ca2+浓度下脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的变化均不明显，但其可溶性糖的含量明显高于嫌钙型金花茶。喜钙型金花茶对外界钙浓度的变化并不敏感，其适应高钙的生理机制可能与叶片较高的可溶性糖含量有关；而嫌钙型金花茶对高钙环境的适应性较差，这可能是其不能在钙质土上生长的主要原因。
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-01-12 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：植物PHAVOLUTA（PHV）转录因子是HD-ZIPIII 家族的重要成员之一，在茎尖分生组织形成和胚芽形成过程中起着重要调控作用。本研究通过基因克隆获得了水曲柳PHV 基因，并命名为FmPHV。生物信息学分析表明，水曲柳FmPHV 基因编码区全长为2 112 bp，包含有一个完整的开放阅读框，其编码了一个由703 个氨基酸组成的蛋白。亚细胞定位预测其主要存在于叶绿体中，为稳定亲水蛋白。保守域及同源分析表明，FmPHV 与油橄榄、芝麻和烟草等物种的同源蛋白保守结构域同源性高达99 ％。我们在低温4 °C 条件下，使用50 mg•L-1 吲哚丁酸（IBA）溶液对水曲柳树皮进行处理，获得了水曲柳形成层细胞，并进一步诱导获得形成层愈伤组织。对FmPHV 基因的时空表达模式进行分析表明，FmPHV 基因六月份表达量最高，同时，FmPHV 能够在芽中高表达，树皮获得的不同来源的愈伤组织相互比较，FmPHV 在来源为形成层分生组织形成层愈伤组织中的表达量显著高于其在其他来源的愈伤组织中的表达。此外，我们对水曲柳幼苗瞬时过表达FmPHV 基因，对其所在通路关键基因的表达特征进行分析。FmPHV 瞬时过表达后，生长素相关基因表达下降，细胞分裂素相关基因表达上升，更利于芽的分化。本文揭示了水曲柳FmPHV在水曲柳植株生长过程中的表达模式以及FmPHV 过表达对芽再生通路各关键基因的调控情况，为研究水曲柳中FmPHV 调控生长发育的分子机制以及其在生长素和细胞分裂素响应通路中发挥的作用奠定基础。
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