Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2020-02-29
Abstract： We noticed an unusual increase of first-time patients with schizophrenia (F20) in January 2020 since the outbreak of COVID-19. The aim of this retrospective study is to validate this observation and find potential risk factors, if applicable. A total number of 13,783 records from outpatients in January 2020 were investigated thoroughly. Comparisons between incidence of schizophrenia in outpatients in January 2020 and similar periods of 2017-2019 were made to minimize seasonal influence. Relationship of incidence of schizophrenia and COVID-19 infections in China was calculated. Limited personal information (age, gender, approximate residence) was analyzed to find risk factors.After excluding seasonal factors such as Spring festival, a positive relationship between incidence of schizophrenia in first-time patients and countrywide epidemic situation was found. Statistical results further showed a significant increase of median age from 39 to 50 for first-time patients diagnosed with schizophrenia which is unusual. Meanwhile, a slight but not significant change was found in distribution of gender and approximate residence (urban/suburb). Our data supported that COVID-19 outbreak increased risk of schizophrenia in aged adults which is consistent with the fact that COVID-19 is more lethal to elders. We strongly appeal that public healthcare in countries either with or without infected patients should prepare in advance for potential risks in public mental health. "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2020-02-28
Abstract： The control-system model of attachment is the most commonly used model to characterize the function of the adult attachment system. It posits that the way for individuals to attain security is to access information on the availability and responsiveness of the attachment figure. According to previous attachment theory, when the attachment figure is absent, the information related to their availability and responsiveness is acquired by accessing the secure base script. However, the function of episodic representation is overlooked during this process. Inspired by the research on episodic simulation and attachment theory, we hypothesized that episodic simulation is an effective episodic representation that could help individuals access information on their partner’s availability and responsiveness, and attain security in the attachment control system. This study investigated whether episodic simulation could promote the responsiveness of a partner and attachment security through an experiment. A total of 46 young adults currently involved in a romantic relationship for more than six months were recruited as participants. All of the tasks were arranged into two sessions. In session 1, the participants completed a scale related to attachment orientations, and then rated six scenarios related to distressful situations that frequently occurred in close relationships from four aspects, namely, distressful feeling, willingness to ask one’s partner for help, expected responsiveness of one’s partner, and state attachment security. Three days later, the participants were randomly arranged into an experimental group and a control group to complete the tasks of session 2. For each distressful situation, participants in the experimental group needed to simulate and write down how they asked their partner for help and how they would solve the distressing problem with the help of their partner. Participants in the control group needed to write down the possible outcomes when the situation happened in a regular couple. Subsequently, all participants rated the situation again from the four aspects in session 1. The results revealed no rating differences between the two groups in the pre-test. In the post-test, the experimental group had higher ratings in expected responsiveness of their partner and state attachment security compared with the control. When considering the changes from the pre-test to the post-test in each rating (calculated using the scores in the post-test minus that in the pre-test), we found the promotion in expected responsiveness of partners significantly correlated with the promotion in state attachment security. Moreover, the experimental group had higher promotions in their rating of expected responsiveness of their partner and state attachment security, as well as higher reduction in state attachment avoidance, compared with the control group. However, no group differences were observed in the rating changes related to distressful feeling, willingness to ask one’s partner for help, and state attachment anxiety. All of the results were the same after controlling for attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety, which are rooted in individuals’ stable attachment script. The results indicated that episodic simulation could function independently of the attachment script in the attachment control system. Episodic simulation could help individuals access information related to the responsiveness of their partner and attain security. This study provided a supplement for the attachment control-system model. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2020-02-28
Luo, Sihui
Liu, Wei
Liu, Zhenjun
Zheng, Xueying
Ling, Ping
Ding, Yu
Hong, Changxing
Liu, Zhirong
Liu, Jian
Weng, Jianping
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2020-02-28
Zikuan Leng
Rongjia Zhu
Wei Hou
Yingmei Feng
Yanlei Yang
Qin Han
Guangliang Shan
Fanyan Meng
Dongshu Du
Shihua Wang
Junfen Fan
Wenjing Wang
Luchan Deng
Hongbo Shi
Hongjun Li
Zhongjie Hu
Fengchun Zhang
Jinming Gao
Hongjian Liu
Xiaoxia Li
Abstract： A coronavirus (HCoV-19) has caused the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, Preventing and reversing the cytokine storm may be the key to save the patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess a comprehensive powerful immunomodulatory function. This study aims to investigate whether MSC transplantation improve the outcome of 7 enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Beijing YouAn Hospital, China from Jan 23, 2020. to Feb 16, 2020. The clinical outcomes, as well as changes of inflammatory and immune function levels and adverse effects of 7 enrolled patients were assessed for 14 days after MSC injection. MSCs could cure or significantly improve the functional outcomes of seven patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in 14 days without observed adverse effect. The pulmonary function and symptoms of all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were significantly improved in 2 days after MSC transplantation. Among them, two common and one severe patient were recovered and discharged in 10 days after treatment. After treatment, the peripheral lymphocytes were increased and the overactivated cytokine-secreting immune cells CXCR3 CD4 T cells, CXCR3 CD8 T cells, and CXCR3 NK cells were disappeared in 3-6 days. And a group of CD14 CD11c CD11bmid regulatory DC cell population dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the level TNF-α is significantly decreased while IL-10 increased in MSC treatment group compared to the placebo control group. Furthermore, the gene expression profile showed MSCs were ACE2- and TMPRSS2- which indicated MSCs are free from COVID-19 infection. Thus, the intravenous transplantation of MSCs was safe and effective for treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially for the patients in critically severe condition.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics Subjects: Statistics >> Biomedical Statistics submitted time 2020-02-28
Abstract：目的 建立一种数据驱动的实用方法预测突发全新传染性疾病的疫情趋势，通过动态预判疫情风险与分级为防控策略提供量化依据。方法 在移动平均法的基础上予以改进，提出一种移动平均预测限（Moving Average Prediction Limits, MAPL）方法，采用既往重症急性呼吸综合征（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome，SARS）疫情数据验证MAPL方法对疫情趋势和风险预判的实用性。追踪本次新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）感染疫情从2020年1月16日起的官方公布数据，采用MAPL方法预判疫情变动趋势与疫区适时风险分级。 结果 基于MAPL方法分析显示，2020年2月初全国COVID-19感染疫情达到峰值。经过前期积极防控，2月中旬起全国疫情整体呈下降趋势。到2月下旬各地疫情有明显的区域性差异。与湖北地区相比，非湖北地区新增病例数下降速度快且未来疫情加重的风险相对较小。在几个重要的疫情输入省份，新增确诊病例数和可疑病例数的发展趋势一致，但消减速度在各省份间存在差异。 结论 MAPL方法可以辅助判断疫情趋势并适时预判风险分级，各疫情输入区可结合当地实际与疫情风险分级规划落实差异化精准防控策略。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2020-02-28
Abstract： 肺癌作为一种严重威胁人类生命健康的疾病，尽管治疗方法种类较多，但如何把握治疗时机，为患者确定最有效的治疗用药仍然是一个难题。尿液蛋白质组可以敏感的反映机体的生理变化，有希望反映药物治疗后机体的病理或生理变化。为了研究晚期肺癌患者使用不同的药物进行治疗时其尿液蛋白质组的变化情况，通过收集晚期肺癌患者治疗前后的不同时间的尿液样本，使用液相色谱联用质谱（LC-MS / MS）来检测其尿蛋白组的变化。比较结果发现，当不同的患者使用不同药物治疗后，差异蛋白的变化各不相同，其差异蛋白反映的生物学过程变化和患者的临床表现变化较为一致。这项研究结果表明，（1）能够通过尿蛋白的变化反映不同药物治疗后患者的病理生理变化；（2）当不同患者使用相同药物治疗后，尿蛋白的变化能够反映出患者体内不同的病理生理变化，且和患者的临床病情评估结果较为一致。这些发现有可能为辅助临床治疗提供重要信息。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2020-02-27
Abstract：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recently identified lineage B coronavirus, causing rapid worldwide outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite genetically closed to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 seems to possess enhanced infectivity and subtle different clinical features, which may hamper the early screening of suspected patients as well as the control of virus transmission. Unfortunately, there are few tools to predict the potential target organ damage and possible clinical manifestations caused by such novel coronavirus. To solve this problem, we investigate the potential host cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 through bioinformatics. Using the online single-cell sequence datasets, we analyze the expression of major receptor in host cells that mediates the virus entry, including angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and its co-expressed membrane endopeptidases. The results indicated the differential expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17 might contribute to the ACE2 shedding and affect the membrane ACE2 abundance. We further confirm a putative furin-cleavage site reported recently in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which may facilitate the virus-cell fusion. Based on these findings, we develop a novel approach that comprehensively analyzed the virus receptor expression, ACE2 shedding, membrane fusion activity, virus uptake and virus replication to evaluate the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 to different human organs. Our results indicate that, in addition to airway epithelia, cardiac tissue and enteric canals are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 as well.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2020-02-27
Abstract： Over the past few years, pupillometry is proliferation in psychological studies and eye tracking measurement. Pupil size or diameter can reflect mental activities, and affect other’s feeling and decision making. In addition, the sizes of our pupils are also influenced by the top-down processing, such as perception and attention, emotion and motivation, mental effort, social cognition and so on. Studies in pupillometry also found that large pupils give others good impressions (e.g. more attractive, more positive), and· cause more positive behaviors during the interaction (e.g. trust behaviors; honest behaviors). In this paper, we reviewed the relations between pupils and our mind with the pupil’s neural mechanisms and the adaptive-gain theory based on previous publications. As an effective eye-tracking parameter, pupil could be measured by eye tracking to explore the inner cognitive processing of our human being. In this paper, controlling interference of unrelated variables (e.g., luminance, gaze position), pupillometry raw data mining (e.g., baseline correction, blink processing), and the selection of pupil indices (e.g., pupil diameter, peak value, oscillations frequency) are also discussed for the future research.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2020-02-27
Bing Liang
Junhui Chen
Tao Li
Haiying Wu
Wenjie Yang
Yanjiao Li
Jianchun Li
Congtao Yu
Fangang Nie
Zhaoxia Ma
Mingxi Yang
Panrong Nie
Yanfeng Gao
Chuanyun Qian
Min Hu
Abstract： 该论文正式发表的链接如下：https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2020/07310/Clinical_remission_of_a_critically_ill_COVID_19.79.aspx
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Pharmacology Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2020-02-27
Abstract： 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused severe, large-scale acute respiratory disease outbreak in Wuhan, China. The 2019-nCoV has spread to other regions and countries around the world, which is seriously threatening human health. There is an urgent need to develop drugs for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV. 2019-nCoV nonstructural protein 14 (NSP14) carrying RNA cap guanine N7-methyltransferase and 3'-5' exoribonuclease activities could be a potential drug target for intervention. NSP14 of 2019-nCoV shared 98.7% similarity with the one (PDB ID: 5nfy) of acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus. Then, the 2019-nCoV NSP14 structures were modelled by using SARS NSP14 (PDB ID: 5nfy) as template for virtual screening. Based on the docking score, 18 small molecule drugs were selected for further evaluation. The compounds, including Saquinavir, Hypericin, Baicalein and Bromocriptine, could bind the N-terminus and C-terminus of the homology model of the 2019-nCoV Nsp14, thus providing as a candidate drug against 2019-nCoV for further study. " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-02-26
Abstract： " This project aims to investigate psychological mechanisms of behavioral poverty trap in China, and hence put forward corresponding risk management strategies. For this purpose, we intend to draw on the new research paradigm in poverty study, which is initiated by behavioral economists, and recruit residents who live in extreme poor areas as participants. First, a framework concerning both the cognitive and motivational base of behavioral poverty trap is proposed as empirical and theoretical route of this project. Second, we analyze how cognitive outcomes of poverty psychologically and neurally affect subsequent decision behavior, as well as how both cognitive and motivational outcomes of poverty jointly influence subsequent decision behavior. In addition, the casual effect of psychological outcomes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior is empirically examined. Third, we further conduct randomized controlled experiments to understand the influence of cognitive changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior, as well as field intervention studies to test the effect of self-identity changes caused by poverty on subsequent decision behavior. Based on these empirical researches, management strategies for poverty alleviation are discussed. "
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2020-02-26
Jinnong,Zhang
Wenjing,Wang
Bo,Peng
Wei,Peng
Yisheng,Zhang
Yaling,Wang
Yan,Wan
Jiang,Chang
Ling,Mao
Xiaoping，Miao
Yifan,Zhou
Yanan,Li
Yu,Hu
Bo,Hu
Abstract： Background: The efficient transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from patients to healthcare workers or family members has been a worrisome and prominent feature of the ongoing outbreak. On the basis of clinical practice and in-vitro studies, we postulated that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using Arbidol is associated with decreased infection among individuals exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study on family members and health care workers who were exposed to patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time RT-PCR and Chest CT from January 1 to January 16, 2020. We collected demographic information, work location of exposure, post-exposure prophylaxis information, and symptoms, if any, 24 days after exposure. The relation between post-exposure prophylaxis and infection in household contacts and healthcare workers were respectively analyzed. Results: 27 families and 124 health care workers had evidence of close exposure to patients with confirmed COVID-19. There were no differences in age, profession and sex distribution in the two groups with different post-exposure prophylaxis, table 1. Logistic regression based on the data of the family members and health care workers with Arbidol or Oseltamivir prophylaxis showed that Arbidol PEP was a strong protective factor against the development of COVID-19 (Odds ratio 0·011 , 95% CI 0·001-0·125, P=0·0003 for family members and Odds ratio 0·049, 95%CI 0·003-0·717), P= 0·0276 for health care workers). On the contrary, Oseltamivir was associated with an increase in COVID-19 infection (Odds ratio 20·446, 95% CI 1·407-297·143, P= 0·0271). Conclusions: Our findings suggest Arbidol could reduce the infection risk of the novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings. This treatment should be promoted for PEP use and should be the subject of further investigation. " " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-02-25
Abstract： Multicultural experience is a double-edged sword in the context of globalization. It could provide ample cultural resources, help open minds and foster receptiveness to foreign cultures; meanwhile, it could also increase intergroup threat, tax cognition load, and further lead to negative emotions and resistant responses. The complex influences of multicultural experience highlight the importance of the ability to manage properly and deploy flexibly of context-appropriate cultural knowledge. However, most of the existing theories on cultural competence were proposed in the early period of global study, unable to meet the new challenges brought about by globalization. To shed light on the key elements to improve intercultural effectiveness, we reconstructed multicultural competence from the perspective of polyculturalism (i.e., emphasizing the hybridity of culture), and proposed the central role meta-knowledge (i.e., the knowledge of cultural knowledge) play in improving intercultural effectiveness. We developed a line of studies to examine the new model of multicultural competence, test its role in cross-cultural collaboration, and recover its underlying mechanism. Through these studies, we hope to deepen the understanding of globalization, and provide theoretical guidance for cross-cultural collaboration in a global environment. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Mathematics >> Modeling and Simulation Subjects: Biology >> Biomathematics submitted time 2020-02-25
Abstract： Here we report the analysis of epidemic data from Jan. 20th to Feb. 16th, 2020 in 24 provinces in China, whose total infected cases are larger than 100 till 02/16/2020, as well as 16 cities in Hubei province (the most severely affected area) except Shennongjia, based on dynamical models and automatical algorithms for parameter optimization. We forecast the COVID-19 epidemics in most provinces in China will end up soon before February 29th, while those for Hubei province (except Wuhan city) will be closed by the middle of March. The epidemic in Wuhan will continue to the beginning of April. And we suggest further close attentions should be paid to six provides, including Heilongjiang, Hebei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Guizhou and Sichuan, as well as six different cities, including Wuhan, Jingzhou, Ezhou, Suizhou, Tianmen and Enshi, in Hubei province. Moreover, it is hinted that clustering infection might be happened in Tianjin, Hebei, Chongqing, Sichuan, Hainan and Guangxi provides, and many cities inside Hubei province during the spreading of COVID-19, which needs further validation by epidemiological investigations in the future.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2020-02-25
Abstract： The innovation process can be conceptualized as encompassing two stages: idea generation and idea implementation. However, to date, more early research has been focused on the idea generation stage, and these two subfields still remain stubbornly disconnected from one another. To integrate these two disparate subfields and advance our comprehensive understanding of the innovation process, the current study relied on self-determination theory and Yale attitude change approach to examine the effect of intrinsic motivational orientation of idea generators on idea quality, and further tested the effect of idea quality, rewards of the idea generators, and their interaction on idea implementation. To test the hypotheses in the proposed model, we collected data from 251 idea generators, 7 idea evaluators and the manager of an innovative proposal project at 3 different time points in a large financial company. In the first wave, 440 ideas proposed by 440 idea generators were recorded. In the second wave, all of the idea generators were invited to complete a questionnaire, including demographic information and intrinsic motivational orientation, and the number of valid questionnaires was 251; moreover, 7 in-house experts assessed the idea generators and the quality of each idea. Approximately six months later, the manager of this project reported the implementation degree of all of the ideas. Our hypotheses were examined using SPSS 22.0. By analyzing the multi-time and multi-source data, it was found in this study that: (1) intrinsic motivational orientation of the idea generators has a significantly positive effect on idea quality; (2) idea quality further facilitates idea implementation; (3) rewards of the idea generators positively influences idea implementation; and (4) idea quality and rewards of the idea generators interact to predict idea implementation. The findings presented here contribute to innovation literature in the following ways. First, this study tracks the innovation process from idea generation to idea implementation, bridging the theoretical divide between creativity research and idea implementation research. Second, this study clarifies the positive effect of intrinsic motivational orientation on idea quality, which is a beneficial supplement to, and promotion of the existing research on the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity. Third, Yale attitude change theory was introduced into idea implementation research, which not only expanded the application scope of this theory, but also enriched theoretical perspectives of idea implementation research.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Virology submitted time 2020-02-25
Xia, Jia
Lu, Guoliang
Lu, Jing
Zhang, Jiahui
Feng, Lin
Wang, Bing
Yu, Hang
Xu, Yingjie
Lin, Jinzhong
Abstract： Frequent outbreaks of coronavirus make the development of an effective vaccine imperative. Recently, vaccines based on in-vitro transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) have shown great potential. The streamlined manufacturing of mRNA molecules, combined with the superior flexibility in the antigen screening, greatly accelerates the development process. When using an mRNA platform to develop a vaccine, initial antigen choice plays a crucial role in determining the final efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Furthermore, mRNA sequences that encode antigens require extensive optimization to ensure highly efficient and sustained expression. Our ongoing efforts to develop an effective mRNA vaccine against 2019-nCoV place emphasis on the virus-like particles (VLPs) as the presenting antigen. At the same time, our second fast track uses mRNA to express the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein(S-RBD). After extensive optimization, an mRNA cocktail containing three genes is able to produce 2019-nCoV virus-like particles highly similar to the native 2019-nCoV. Meanwhile, an mRNA vaccine candidate expressing S-RBD is being tested in mice for its immunogenicity. We will next compare both the efficacy and the safety of the two mRNA vaccines based on S-RBD and VLPs, respectively.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Military Medicine and Special Medicine submitted time 2020-02-25
Abstract： Special medicine is based on the basic principles and technical methods of medicine to solve the special medical problems involved in the fields including aviation and aerospace medicine, navigation and diving medicine, plateau medicine, deep well medicine, occupational disease and so on. It is a task-driven medical field, which has the characteristics of strict screening conditions, tight time and task limitation, and special environment will induce a variety of psychological and physiological problems, thus deriving unique medical support demands. Aromatherapy is a kind of natural therapy different from traditional medicine, it based on the special feature of aroma molecules. good permeability, fast metabolism, no retention and little toxicity. Natural aromatic molecules can directly stimulate olfactory nerve to regulate brain function through blood-brain barrier to release emotion, improve cognition and keep health.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> Interdisciplinary Physics and Related Areas of Science and Technology Subjects: Biology >> Virology submitted time 2020-02-25
Abstract： 由于春运出湖北省高峰和全国各地管控开始之间的时间差，使得在这个时间段内，除湖北外的国内地区是个输入一代到感染二代之间独立自然连续传播体系。基于此，我们使用正态分布的线性叠加来拟合全国除湖北外每日新增的数据，简单模型预测和实际新增结果的高度吻合验证了除湖北外是个近似理想系统。拟合计算得到的新冠病毒可再生系数R0=2.2，一代到二代的峰值传播时间是7天。我们还讨论了偏离理想传播体系的原因并分析了一些省的特殊情况。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Other Disciplines of Medicine and Pharmacology submitted time 2020-02-25
Abstract： The 2019 novel coronavirus has killed 2596 globally since the outbreak began in December 2019 and more than 11,000 patients are still in severe conditions. The virus and medical conditions caused by the virus were named as SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Although antiviral, symptomatic, and functionally supportive treatments have been applied, more than 100 patients die each day from infection with the virus. The most common deadly complication of COVID-19 is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection may become pandemic. ARDS is caused by various similar viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and influenza viruses. Thus, strategies for decreasing the mortality of virus-initiated ARDS are needed at the urgent, long-term, and broad levels. ARDS was previously referred to as wet lungs with vascular leaking, which described the clinical manifestations and chest computed tomography images of COVID-19-ARDS. Determining from where and how water is leaking into the lungs will lead to the development of mechanism-based management strategies for reducing mortality. These approaches can be used to prevent and stop water leakage from the pulmonary capillary into the lung interstitial space. For mild and moderate cases, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as those used for rheumatoid arthritis, may be useful for preventing and deceasing this water leakage. Administration of immunosuppressants, such as sirolimus and tacrolimus, may stagger the peak times of injuries caused by viral infection, immune response, and non-immune inflammation to decrease the extent of water leakage and prevent life-threatening conditions. Using anti-flame (Qing-Huo) Chinese herbs may also be useful. For severe case, blood dialysis can be an effective strategy for eliminating most inflammatory mediators and cytotoxic substances.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2020-02-24
zhidong,Xue
Lei,Zhao
Tailang,Yin
Yan,Fu
Zehua,Lyu
yiping,Dang
Yujiang,Zeng
Silou,Huang
Bing,Qu
Hongya,Lyu
Chen,Huang
Zhiyou,Kong
Kepei,Xu
Feipeng,Zhou
Hexun,Dong
He,Hu
Jing,Tang
Senyuan,Xue
Zhixiang,Fang
Jinxiang,Lu
Abstract： " Background：The COVID-19 Epidemic emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Ever since Wuhan lockdown on January 23rd, mass quarantines were exercised on Wuhan and other epidemic areas of China. We aimed to clarify how ordinary Wuhan people defend against COVID-19 epidemic at home through the Internet survey. Methods：A questionnaire survey, consisting of 30 questions were posted on the Internet. The following aspects were investigated: household preventive measures, self-monitoring of discomfort symptoms, immunity boosting against the epidemic, frequency and reasons of outgoing and mental status of the isolated people. The questionnaire was circulated on Wechat. We marked the areas based on the surveyed network IP addresses and categorized respondents into group A(Wuhan), B(Hubei Province excluding Wuhan ), C, and D based on the epidemic severity of their areas announced by Baidu.com at 17:00 on February 8, 2020. And a comparative study was conducted to illustrate how Wuhan people took the anti-COVID-19 strategies and how efficient these preventive measures were. Findings：In terms of discomfort symptoms, Wuhan, as Group A, had the lowest asymptomatic percentages (70.2%), compared to the average 78.5% (±7%). Considering the three typical symptoms for the COVID-19, i.e., cough, fever and fatigue, Wuhan (9.67%) greatly deviated from the average (7.68%). The fatigue was the most significant factor in the deviation, exceeding the average by 1.35%. In terms of household protection measures, most people or families were able to take effective protection measures with very low frequency of going out, but the percentage of those who took this practice was obviously smaller in Wuhan and Hubei Province. From the aspect of going out, most of the people in Wuhan only went out for shopping and work, with a small number of people for social gathering. In terms of immunity boosting, compared with Group C and D, it was relatively lower in Wuhan. Overall, most people chose to enhance their immunity through regular schedule, exercise, sufficient nutrition. Only 33.44% of people in Group A did not go out, and 59.97% had to go out for living supplies, which was the highest level among the four groups. However, the percentage of people who went out for work and unnecessary activities remains the lowest while 1% of the population went out for public welfare activities, higher than other groups. Worry about the family health topped all the parameters for all the groups. Among them, Wuhan has reached a maximum of 49.61%, higher than the average level of 36.62% (± 10.69%). Mental status except for feeling bored and lonely were the highest in Wuhan. Suggestions：When the epidemic prevention and control is still in a sticky state, and Wuhan started a stricter control measure, the closed management of communities, on Feb 11, 2020, it is expected that our findings can provide some insights into the current household preventive actions and arouse more attentions of the public to some ignored preventive precautions. Unnecessary outgoing should be strictly abandoned. Regular schedule, exercises and nutrition were the top 3 measures participants would choose to enhance their own immunity system. It seems that people in Wuhan would choose nutrition and regular scheduler rather than exercises as the primary immunity-boosting ways. Exercise should be especially advocated as an effective way to enhance the immunity system. In terms of physical condition, people in Wuhan should take more active measures when symptoms occurred. The mentality is also an important aspect requiring intensive attention with the conduct of stricter control management in Wuhan while the rest groups gradually resume to work and ordinary life. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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