Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The purpose of this study was to investigate the novelty and particularly of the culturable bacteria in seagrass beds and study its antibacterial activity. A total of nine rhizosphere soil samples were collected from the seagrass bed ecosystems in Pearl Bay and Yuzhouping, Fangchenggang City. Five different isolation medias were used to isolate and purify the culturable bacteria using the dilution spread plate method. The bacterial species were identified through PCR amplification and 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibacterial activity against four human pathogenic bacteria (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, S. aureu and Acinetobacter baumanii) were screened with Kirby-Bauer method. The results were as follows: (1)42 culturable bacteria were isolated, belonging to 14 genera and 13 families, which included Streptomyces, Vibrio, Bacillus, Shewanella, Microbacterium, Brevibacteriu, Staphylococcus, Sphingomona, Rothia, Psychrobacter, Pseudonocardia, Photobacterium, Halomonas, and Escherichia. The genus Streptomyces was the dominant bacterium. (2)Antibacterial activity showed that six bacterial exhibited strong inhibitory activity against at least two or more human pathogenic bacteria, which included Vibrio (1 bacteria), Rothia (1 bacteria), and Streptomyces (4 bacteria). The studies have shown that there are abundant resources of culturable bacterium and several bacteria has the potential antibacterial activity especially Streptomyces, which can provide a new source for the research and development of new antibiotics drugs.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Understanding the dynamics of community structure and species diversity in evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests can provide a scientific foundation for effective forest management. To analyze data from two surveys conducted in 2015 and 2022, we employed species α diversity index, β diversity index, principal coordinate analysis, and spatial point pattern analysis. Our study focused on three 1 ha communities at different elevations to investigate changes in species composition, species diversity and diameter at breast height (DBH) structure characteristics while exploring the causes of tree mortality. The results are as follows: (1) Tree mortality was greater in lower altitude communities than higher altitude ones. Tree death primarily affected small diameter trees and exhibited a non-random pattern independent of density dependence. (2) Overall α diversity of communities decreased slightly across all altitudes over the course of seven years but not significantly so. The rate of change in α diversity index was relatively consistent among communities at different altitudes. Although there were slight changes observed in the species composition within each community, these differences were minimal (P>0.99). A convergence trend was observed regarding species composition among communities at various altitudes. (3) Average DBH and total basal area of all trees increased across communities at different altitudes,with an inverted “J” shaped diameter class structure indicating good self-renewal capacity and community stability maintenance ability. In summary, the changes observed in community structure of the evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Cenwanglaoshan mountain are generally consistent across different altitudes, thus demonstrating stable community structure with insignificant changes despite minor fluctuations occurring within dominant species population or rare species extinction impacting overall richness level.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to identify the pathogen that caused rust in Bletilla striata in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and screen resistene resources for B. striata, the rust pathogen was isolated from infected leaves of B. striata and identified using morphology and molecular methods. At the inoculation of pathogen. The results were as follows: (1) The urediniopores of Strain X2 isolated from diseased leaves in B. striata were golden yellow, oval, (21.43-30.95) μm × (13.10-19.05) μm. The teliospores were orange, russet, obovate or clavate, (17.25-30) μm × (5.5-6.65) μm. (2) The length of ITS sequence of strain X2(OQ826009) was 689 bp, which were compared with other ITS sequences in the GenBank, and the similarity reached to 95.86% compared with Coleosporium sp. (KY783686.1). But the sequence was clustered together with two sequences of C. bletiae (MN108161.1, OP363678.1). The strain X2 was identified as C. bletiae by combining morphology and molecular methods. (3) After 14 days of artificial inoculation with strain X2, the disease index of 23 Bletilla striata ranged from 0 to 70.7. And 6 different resistance levels were divided according to the disease index. Among them, one immune materials was identified for the disease index was 0. Four highly resistant materials was identified for the disease index was 1.7- 4.7. Six disease-resistant materials was identified for the disease index was 5.6-9.4. Five mediumresistant materials was identified for the disease index was 12.7-18.3. Five susceptible materials was identified for the disease index was 32.0-49.1 and two highly susceptible materials was identified for the disease index was 62.2-70.7. Five B. striata from diffenrent places can be promoted directely or applied as parent materials for creating excellent germplasm to resistant the rust in B. striata for they expressed immune or highly resistance. The five species came from Honghe City in Yunnan Province, Gongcheng County and Baise City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Zunyi City in Guizhou Province and Yichang City in Hubei Province, respectively. This study can provide a basis for further research on pathogenesis and control of rust in B. striata.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2024-06-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Eleven species of vascular plants are reported as new records in Guangxi, viz. Pteris amoena Blume, Diplaziopsis cavaleriana (Christ) C. Chr., Diplazium nanchuanicum (W. M. Chu) Z. R. He, Macrothelypteris ornata (Wall. ex J. Sm.) Ching, Cyrtomium chingianum P. S. Wang, C. shingianum H. S. Kung et P. S. Wang, Castanopsis diversifolia (Kurz) King ex Hook.f., Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo, Rubia falciformis H. S. Lo, Blumea repanda (Roxb.) Hand.-Mazz., Synotis saluenensis (Diels) C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen. These new records not only provide a useful reference to the studies of floristic geography, but also are of great significance to the innovative utilization of plant resources and the protection of plant diversity in Guangxi. Description of main morphological characteristics, citation specimens, colour photos reflecting the characteristics and geographical distribution of the eleven newly recorded species are also provided．
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Science and Technology submitted time 2024-06-20
Abstract： [Background]: The single-phase reversed flow in inverted U-tubes of steam generator (SG) leads to increasing flow resistance and decreasing heat transfer area, so it is meaningful to study this phenomenon. [Purpose]: The water level of the secondary side in SG can influence the single-phase reversed flow, it is necessary to clarify its influence mechanism from a more general viewpoint. [Methods]: The dimensionless conservation equations were derived first, and the extreme point was obtained based on the equations. Then the effect of the water level of the secondary side under conditions of different lengths, dimensionless resistance number, and dimensionless heat transfer number was analyzed. [Results]: The decrease in the water level leads to the critical point of the single-phase reversed flow gradually approaching the origin, the influence law of the water level is the same under different pipe length conditions. As the water level decreases, the influence of the dimensionless resistance number and dimensionless heat transfer number on the critical point gradually reduces. [Conclusions]: This study theoretically proves that the effect of secondary water level on single-phase reversed flow is not conducive to the occurrence of backflow, and explains the reasons from a mechanistic perspective, which can assist in accident analysis of related nuclear power plants.
Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics Subjects: Physics >> The Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields submitted time 2024-06-20
Xiaozhou Yu
Xiyang Wang
Weihu Ma
Shihong Fu
Pengfei Sun
Jinxing Song
Wanbin He
Yang Shen
Long Ma
Jinhui Chen
Huan Zhong Huang
Siguang Wang
Jing Zhou
Xiaomei Li
Abstract： The sPHENIX experiment is a new generation of large acceptance detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory with scientific goals focusing on probing the strongly interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) with hard probes of jets, open heavy flavor particles and $ Upsilon$ production. The EMCal detector, covering the pseudo-rapidity region of $ eta leq 1.1$, is an essential subsystem of sPHENIX. In this paper, we focus on the production and test for the EMCal blocks covering a pseudo-rapidity of $ eta in 0.8 , 1.1 $. These, in conjunction with central pseudo-rapidity EMCal blocks, significantly enhance the sPHENIX physics capability of jet and $ Upsilon$ particle measurements. In this paper, detector module production and testing of the sPHENIX W-powder/Scintillating Fiber (W/ScFi) Electromagnetic Calorimeter Blocks are presented. Selection of the tungsten powder, mold fabrication, QA procedures and cosmic ray test results are discussed.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Radiation Physics and Technology submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： In energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, the estimation of the pulse amplitude determines the accuracy of the spectrum measurement. The error generated by the amplitude estimation of the pulse output distorted by the measurement system leads to false peaks in the measured spectrum. To eliminate these false peaks and achieve an accurate estimation of the distorted pulse amplitude, a composite neural network model is proposed, which embeds long and short-term memory (LSTM) into the UNet structure. The UNet network realizes the fusion of pulse sequence features and the LSTM model realizes pulse amplitude estimation. The model is trained using simulated pulse datasets with different amplitudes and distortion times. For the pulse height estimation, the average relative error of the trained model on the test set was approximately 0.64%, which is 27.37% lower than that of the traditional trapezoidal shaping algorithm. Offline processing of a standard iron source further validated the pulse height estimation performance of the UNet-LSTM model. After estimating the amplitude of the distorted pulses using the model, the false-peak area was reduced by approximately 91% over the full spectrum and was corrected to the characteristic peak region of interest (ROI). The corrected peak area accounted for approximately 1.32% of the characteristic peak ROI area. The results indicate that the model can accurately estimate the height of distorted pulses and has substantial corrective effects on false peaks.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： With the development of pre-trained language models(PLMs), the methods have been immediately applied to the field classification of scientific and technological literature. They make the much more better performance than the traditional Natural Language Processing methods in similar tasks. The Scientific and Technological Achievements are similar to the literature. Both of them have the highly concise titles, and detailed introductions. At the same time, there are unique features of Scientific and Technological Achievements, e.g. the introduction will introduce the origination and background of the project, the application status, the awards, etc., while the literatures are usually highly focused on the research content. This feature makes it much more difficult to make correct predictions based on PLMs classification methods. Based on the pre-trained BERT model(RoBERTa), we have constructed an automatic Indexing system of Chinese Library Classification for the Scientific and Technological Achievements. We introduced a decoding method to enhance the prediction process, which is inspired by the generative Large Language Models. The method converts the original classification problem to a decoding problem, which not only improves the accuracy of prediction, but also enables dynamic predictions to the required levels. To meet the requirements of accuracy, thresholds can be set on the accumulated probability of predicted chain and its terminal node to make trade-offs between reliability and depth of the classification tree.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Developmental Biology submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been an important technology in paleontology for several decades. It helps researchers to acquire detailed anatomical structures of fossils nondestructively. Despite its widespread application, developing an efficient and user-friendly method for segmenting CT data continues to be a formidable challenge in the field. Most CT data segmentation software operates on 2D interfaces, which limits flexibility for real-time adjustments in 3D segmentation. Here, we introduce Curves Mode in Drishti Paint 3.2, an open-source tool for CT data segmentation. Drishti Paint 3.2 allows users to manually or semi-automatically segment the CT data in both 2D and 3D environments, providing a novel solution for revisualization CT data in paleontological studies
Subjects: Mathematics >> Control and Optimization. submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： For a 4th order 3-dimensional symmetric tensor with its entries $1$ or $-1$, we show the analytic sufficient and necessary conditions of its positive definiteness. By applying these conclusions, several strict inequalities is bulit for ternary quartic homogeneous polynomials.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Other Disciplines of Nuclear Science submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： [Background]: Transparent protective materials are an important component of nuclear radiation protection equipment and a key factor in reducing radiation damage to the eye lenses of radiation workers. [Purpose]: Gadolinium-containing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were prepared by intrinsic polymerization, and the shielding properties of PMMA with different Gd(MA)3 content against neutron and gamma rays were studied. [Methods]: The neutron and gamma shielding performance of gadolinium-containing PMMA was measured by Cf-252 neutron source and Am-241 gamma source, respectively. MCNP simulation was also employed to study the neutron shielding performance of PMMA containing Gadolinium [Results]: The results showed that with the increase of Gd(MA)3 content, the shielding properties of the PMMA against Cf-252 neutrons (moderated by 12cm polyethylene) continuously improved. However, when the Gd(MA)3 content exceeds 10%, the increase in neutron shielding performance was not significant, whereas the shielding performance against gamma rays continues to improved. The PMMA containing 10% and 30% Gd(MA)3 has absorption cross-sections for Cf-252 neutrons and linear attenuation coefficients for 59.5 keV (Am-241) gamma rays of 0.79 cm-1 and 2.10 cm-1, respectively. In addition, with the thickness of the PMMA increases, its neutron shielding performance increases exponentially, 90.2% of Cf-252 fast neutrons were shielded by PMMA with a thickness of 10 cm and a Gd(MA)3 content of 10%. [Conclusions]: The addition of gadolinium to the PMMA could effectively enhances its shielding properties against thermal neutrons and gamma rays, and it maintains good visible light transmittance and to some extent improves the heat resistance of the material, but its mechanical strength is reduced. The results of this study provide valuable information for the development of apparent neutron/gamma shielding equipment.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography Subjects: Biology >> Ecology Subjects: Law >> Civil and Commercial Law Subjects: Management Science >> Business Management of Department Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： Purpose/significance South Africa is a world famous tourist paradise . A thematic study on how South Africa is developing its tourism industry can provide a useful reference for China. Method/process This paper summarizes South Africa’s experience in tourism development, based mainly on foreign research data and using literature review methods. Result/conclusion In the development of tourism, South Africa has five major successful experiences: first, it has attached great importance to tourism and taken a number of initiatives, including the enactment of the Tourism Act, the introduction of a number of tourism development strategies and plans, and the establishment of the Department of Tourism of South Africa and the South African Tourism; second, it has actively upgraded its hardware and software facilities; third, it has endeavored to diversify its tourism products; fourth, it has put the concept of responsible tourism into practice; and fifth, it has made great efforts to develop its domestic tourism industry.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science Subjects: Management Science >> Business Management of Department submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： Purpose/significance Tunisia is famous for its handicrafts. A thematic study on how Tunisia develops its handicrafts could provide useful lessons for our country. Method/process This paper summarizes Tunisia’s experience in the development of handicrafts, based mainly on foreign research data and using literature review methods. Result/conclusion Tunisia has five main successful experiences in the development of handicrafts. First, the Tunisian government and all sectors of society have attached great importance to handicrafts and have jointly created a favorable environment for their development. Second, all parts of Tunisia have adapted their crafts to local conditions and have always maintained their crafts, which have been handed down from generation to generation. Third, the Tunisian government and all sectors of society have worked together to establish a relatively mature technical and vocational education and training system. Fourth, Tunisia has vigorously promoted the export of handicrafts to generate income. Fifth, Tunisian handicrafts have found their own way between tradition and modernity.
Subjects: Management Science >> Regional Economic Management Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-06-19
Abstract： Many international think tanks, media and financial institutions have expressed a series of views on the Chinese economy, covering aspects such as growth inertia, innovation, talent dividend, sustainability and hard work. Drawing on these views will help us gain a more comprehensive, in-depth and accurate understanding of China’s economy and enhance our confidence in its development.
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2024-06-18
Abstract： Drug addiction is a serious chronic relapsing brain disease, and methamphetamine dependence has a complex course and is difficult to treat, causing a serious public health burden. In this study, we compared and analyzed the urine proteome of methamphetamine-using patients (patients who stopped using methamphetamine within 24 hours), methamphetamine-withdrawing patients (patients who stopped using drugs for more than 3 months and entered rehabilitation treatment), healthy individuals. The urine proteome of methamphetamine-addicted patients (including patients who were using methamphetamine and methamphetamine-withdrawing patients) was significantly different from that of healthy individuals, and some differential proteins and their enriched biological functions showed that they were associated with addiction or neurotoxicity of methamphetamine and may be potential intervention targets for drug addiction. Patients who withdrew methamphetamine for more than 3 months were still difficult to return to normal levels and may be used to reveal the reasons for the high rate of methamphetamine relapse. In this study, a method of studying addictive drugs from the perspective of urine proteomics was established, which proved that urine proteome can reflect the effects of methamphetamine abuse on the body relatively systematically and comprehensively, and has the potential to provide clues for the study and practice of clinical addictive diseases.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2024-06-18
Abstract： Taking compound nutrient supplements is a common means of health management. No studies have investigated the overall effects of complex nutrient supplements on healthy individuals from the perspective of the urine proteome. In this study, we compared and analyzed the urine proteome of healthy individuals after taking compound nutrient supplements for 2 weeks, 4 weeks and before taking them, and found that the urine proteome changed more significantly after taking compound nutrient supplements for 2 weeks, and the differential proteins and their enriched pathways may be associated with nutrient supplementation, such as erythropoietin receptor (fold change of 449.5 after taking compound nutrient supplements for 2 weeks). The results of this study provide new clues about the health effects of complex nutrient supplements from the perspective of the urine proteome and help to optimize guidelines and recommendations for the use of complex nutrient supplements.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Chemistry >> Nuclear Chemistry submitted time 2024-06-18
Abstract： As an advanced radiation therapy technique, proton therapy is valued for its precise dose distribution and minimized damage to surrounding normal tissues. However, accurate dosimetry of proton beams is crucial to ensure treatment efficacy and safety. Fiber optic dosimeters have become a hotspot for proton therapy dosimetry research due to their unique advantages, such as high spatial resolution, real-time monitoring capability, water-equivalence, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Based on this, this paper reviews the technical principles, current application status, development challenges and future trends of fiber optic dosimeters in proton therapy dosimetry. Firstly, this paper outlines the luminescence mechanisms of fiber optic dosimeters and describes their working principles. Then, the paper discusses the utility of fiber optic dosimeters based on different luminescence mechanisms in clinical proton therapy for high dose rate adaptability and accuracy. Meanwhile, the paper also points out the challenges and solutions to the current fiber optic dosimeter technology, such as applying scintillation quenching correction, improving time responsiveness, optimizing the data acquisition system, and enhancing the correction capability for interfering factors. Finally, the paper looks at the future of fiber optic dosimeter technology, especially its potential application in ultra-high dose rate treatments such as Flash therapy, and how existing limitations can be overcome through innovations in materials science and optoelectronic technology. Through this review, it aims to provide researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive perspective to improve the accuracy and therapeutic efficacy of proton therapy.
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Other Disciplines of Nuclear Science submitted time 2024-06-18
Abstract： [Background]: Transparent protective materials are an important component of nuclear radiation protection equipment and a key factor in reducing radiation damage to the eye lenses of radiation workers. [Purpose]: Gadolinium-containing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were prepared by intrinsic polymerization, and the shielding properties of PMMA with different Gd(MA)3 content against neutron and gamma rays were studied. [Methods]: The neutron and gamma shielding performance of gadolinium-containing PMMA was measured by Cf-252 neutron source and Am-241 gamma source, respectively. MCNP simulation was also employed to study the neutron shielding performance of PMMA containing Gadolinium [Results]: The results showed that with the increase of Gd(MA)3 content, the shielding properties of the PMMA against Cf-252 neutrons (moderated by 12cm polyethylene) continuously improved. However, when the Gd(MA)3 content exceeds 10%, the increase in neutron shielding performance was not significant, whereas the shielding performance against gamma rays continues to improved. The PMMA containing 10% and 30% Gd(MA)3 has absorption cross-sections for Cf-252 neutrons and linear attenuation coefficients for 59.5 keV (Am-241) gamma rays of 0.79 cm-1 and 2.10 cm-1, respectively. In addition, with the thickness of the PMMA increases, its neutron shielding performance increases exponentially, 90.2% of Cf-252 fast neutrons were shielded by PMMA with a thickness of 10 cm and a Gd(MA)3 content of 10%. [Conclusions]: The addition of gadolinium to the PMMA could effectively enhances its shielding properties against thermal neutrons and gamma rays, and it maintains good visible light transmittance and to some extent improves the heat resistance of the material, but its mechanical strength is reduced. The results of this study provide valuable information for the development of apparent neutron/gamma shielding equipment.
Key words PMAM; Gadolinium; Neutron protection; Gamma protection; Transparent materials
Subjects: Mathematics >> Algebra and Number Theory submitted time 2024-06-18
Abstract： By considering the spectrum of the Cesaro operator on the Hilbert-Polya space, we proved the Riemann hypothesis for Riemann zeta function and Dirichlet L-function.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-06-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Chronic kidney disease（CKD）is a worldwide public health problem，stage 4 CKD is a critical stage during the course of CKD，marking the significant decline of kidney function and the obvious appearance of symptoms. Although fermented cordyceps sinensis powder has been used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease for a long time，its prognostic effect on CKD，especially the curative effect of stage 4 CKD，lacks evidence-based medical evidence. Objective To explore the long-term prognosis of stage 4 CKD patients treated with fermented cordyceps sinensis powder and the potential related factors affecting the prognosis. Methods A total of 631 patients diagnosed with stage 4 CKD in the nephrology Department of Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2013 to 2022 were collected. Based on standardized integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment，patients were divided into cordyceps treatment group（339 cases）and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment group（252 cases）according to whether fermented cordyceps sinensis powder was used. Data such as patients’ basic information，whether they were accompanied by diabetes，the occurrence and time of endpoint events，the time of diagnosis of stage 4 CKD，and relevant laboratory indicators at diagnosis were collected. After eliminating baseline differences between groups with propensity score matching，COX regression analysis was conducted to analyze potential prognostic factors. Survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method，and the difference of survival between groups was compared by Log-rank test. Results A total of 378 patients were included after matching at a ratio of 1:1. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that the using of fermented cordyceps sinensis powder（HR=0.79，95%CI=0.64-0.98，P=0.030），the increased level of estimated glomerular filtration（HR=0.97，95%CI=0.94-1.00，P=0.025）and serum albumin（HR=0.97，95%CI=0.96-0.99，P=0.002）prolonged the survival time of stage 4 CKD patients；male（HR=1.37，95%CI=1.09-1.71，P=0.006），the increased level of brain natriuretic peptide（HR=1.00，95%CI=1.00-1.00，P=0.003），blood phosphorus（HR=2.44，95%CI=1.63-3.67，P<0.001）and 24 h urinary protein（HR=1.00，95%CI=1.00-1.00，P<0.001）shortened the survival time of patients with stage 4 CKD. The results of survival curve analysis showed that cumulative survival rate of cordyceps treatment group was higher than that of integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment group（HR=0.70，95%CI=0.57-0.86，P<0.001）. The cumulative survival rate in the low protein level subgroup was higher in the cordyceps treatment group than in the integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment group（HR=0.67，95%CI=0.52-0.85，P<0.001）. In the high urinary protein level subgroup，there was no significant difference in cumulative survival between the two treatment groups（P=0.518）. Conclusion Long-term use of fermented cordyceps sinensis powder can prolong the progression of renal function in patients with stage 4 CKD，and can play a better clinical effect under the premise of active control of urinary protein. Relatively low levels of brain natriuretic peptide and serum phosphorus，and relatively high levels of serum albumin are also potential factors for good prognosis in patients with stage 4 CKD.
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