Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-04-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Rifampicin-resistant/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis（RR/MDR-TB）is featured by challenges in the treatment，low cure rate，and high infectivity. Fluoroquinolones（FQs），as the core drugs for the treatment of RR/MDR-TB，have a severe trend of resistance. Analyzing influencing factors for FQs can help to increase the cure rate of RR/MDR-TB and to control the occurrence of the pre-extensive drug resistance（pre-XDR）and extensive drug resistance（XDR）. Objective To analyze the drug resistance of FQs in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and the influencing factors，and to construct and validate a Nomogram prediction model for the risk factors of drug resistance of FQs. MethodsA total of 583 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were hospitalized in Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center from January 2021 to February 2022 and tested for drug sensitivity were retrospectively selected as study subjects. They were divided into the initial treatment group（296 patients）and the retreatment group（287 patients）according to the history of previous treatment. Moreover，they were divided into the FQs-resistant group（63 patients）and FQs-sensitive group（520 patients）according to their FQs-resistance status. The distribution of total resistance to 13 antituberculosis drugs in 583 patients was analyzed，and the baseline characteristics of patients in the FQs-resistant group and FQs-sensitive group were compared. After screening the characteristic variables using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator（LASSO）regression model，multivariate Logistic regression was performed to analyze the independent risk factors for the resistance of FQs. A Nomogram prediction model was constructed，and its performance was validated by calculating the area under the curve（AUC）of receiver operating characteristic（ROC），and plotting the calibration curve. Results Among 583 patients，520 cases were sensitive to FQs and 63 cases were resistant（resistance rate of 10.81%）. The resistance rate of FQs was secondary to the total resistance rate of first-line antituberculosis drugs，including the isoniazid（36.36%），rifampicin（32.76%），streptomycin（21.61%），and ethambutol（12.86%）. The resistance rates of rifampicin，isoniazid，ethambutol，streptomycin，levofloxacin，moxifloxacin and rifampicin resistance（RR），multidrug resistance（MDR），and pre-XDR were significantly higher in patients of the retreatment group than those of the initial treatment group（P<0.05）. The proportions of patients with ethnic minorities，retreatment，acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS），history of drug abuse，cavitation，hemoptysis，history of irregular anti-TB and MDR were significantly higher in the FQs-resistance group than those of the FQs-sensitive group（P<0.05）. Through LASSO regression，six variables of ethnicity，treatment history，AIDS，drug abuse history，hemoptysis，and MDR were screened out as influencing factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity（OR=2.313，95% CI=1.153-4.640，P=0.018），retreatment（OR=1.892，95%CI=1.005-3.560，P=0.048），hemoptysis（OR=1.941，95%CI=1.087-3.465，P=0.025），and MDR（OR=3.342，95% CI=2.398-7.862，P<0.001）were the independent risk factors for FQs resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Logistic regression equation Logit（P）=-3.571+0.838×ethnicity+0.638×treatment history+0.663×hemoptysis+1.468×MDR. Based on which a risk Nomogram prediction model was constructed with an AUC of 0.796（95%CI=0.717-0.876）. The Bootstrap method validated the mean absolute error of 0.015，and the predictive model had good calibration ability by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test（χ2=3.426，P=0.489）. Conclusion Our findings suggest a high resistant rate of FQs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Ethnic minorities，retreatment，hemoptysis，and MDR are independent risk factors for FQs resistance in patients. The constructed Nomogram prediction model has a good predictive value for FQs resistance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Our study offers new insights into the clinical diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis and the development of rational treatment regimens for RR/MDR-TB.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Humans are extremely social beings, and we attempt to repair our ruptured relationships when transgressions occur that damage interpersonal cooperation. The expression of guilt and remorse by the transgressor and the forgiveness by the victim are both vital to the repair process. To some extent, transgressors' remorse is the most prominent elicitor of victims' forgiveness. Previous studies have demonstrated that forgiveness emerges as early as 5 years old and that young children are capable of forgiving a remorseful transgressor even in the absence of an explicit apology. Given the emphasis on relationship harmony among Chinese people in a collectivistic culture, parenting and socialization might help children understand peers' remorse intentions and forgive them at a much earlier age. Furthermore, the high need for personal reputation and social image in peer interactions, which is called “face” (mianzi) by the Chinese, might lead to individuals' forgiveness decisions being influenced by bystanders who witness or participate in group interactions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether 4- or 5-year-olds could have the capacity to infer an apology from displays of transgressors' remorse in order to reveal the influence of remorse on forgiveness and further explore the activation effect of different types of bystanders among the association between remorse and forgiveness.Study 1 was a one-factor (expression of remorse: remorse vs. no remorse) within-subject design. Forty-nine children aged 4 to 5 years (27 girls) were investigated by a classic paradigm of remorse and forgiveness. The “tear picture” game was used to create conditions of expressing remorse and not expressing remorse. Then, children were asked ten questions designed to assess whether they understood the true intention of remorse. Finally, the resource distribution task was used to assess forgiveness behavior. In Study 2, a total of 139 4- to 5-year-old children (80 girls) were recruited to participate in a 2 (expressions of remorse: remorse vs. no remorse) × 4 (types of bystander: no bystander vs. teacher vs. good friend vs. stranger) mixed experimental design. The procedure used in Study 2 was identical to that used in Study 1.The results showed that: In Study 1, both 4-year-old children and 5-year-old children truly understood the intention of the expression of remorse, and they were much more forgiving of a remorseful transgressor than of a transgressor who had not shown remorse. In Study 2, although children were still more forgiving of a remorseful transgressor than an unremorseful transgressor in the presence of bystanders, bystanders significantly increased the level of forgiveness shown toward unremorseful transgressor and reduced the level of forgiveness for remorseful transgressor. Specifically, for remorseful transgressor, child victims were more forgiving of a transgressor while in the presence of strangers than while in the presence of teachers or good friends; however, for unremorseful transgressor, child victims who were being observed by teachers or good friends showed more forgiveness behavior than did victims who were being observed by stranger bystanders. Furthermore, the results showed that young children were more likely to equally distribute flowers to remorseful and unremorseful transgressor in the presence of bystanders, especially teachers or good friends.This study successfully revealed that young Chinese children could accurately understand the intention of transgressors' remorse and thus be willing to perform forgiveness behavior at age 4, which is exactly 1 year earlier than their counterparts in the Western sample. More importantly, we also present a new theoretical hypothesis, namely, the “bystander-activation effect of social expectations”, to propose that the presence of bystanders activates individuals' socially desirable behaviors, such as “requite injury with kindness” and “egalitarianism”, in the Chinese collectivist culture. Thus, it is easier to understand why bystander onlooking could increase the level of forgiveness for unremorseful transgressor and cause young victims to distribute flowers to remorseful and unremorseful transgressor equally. Furthermore, the greater the authoritative or intimate level of bystanders is, such as teachers or good friends, the stronger the activated social expectations are and the more socially desirable the engaged-in behaviors are. This study provides important enlightenment for understanding the association between remorse and forgiveness and for rethinking the cross-cultural differences in children's socialization.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《知识管理论坛》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This research explores the relationship between the health information search behaviors of college students and the spatiotemporal situation of public health emergencies, in order to reveal the coupling characteristics of users’ health information search behaviors and public health emergencies. [Method/process] Using mobile experience sampling method and key event method to collect 380 college students’ health information search diary data as research samples, the process of user information search (information sources selection, information search patterns) and results (information utilization methods, health awareness and emotional perception) in public health emergencies were the entry points, and spatiotemporal characteristics of health information search in the context of public health events of college students were statistically analyzed. [Result/conclusion] The spatiotemporal coupling characteristics of user health information search results of college students in public health emergencies are obvious. The combined using way of health information search and changes in health consciousness of college students both show significant differences in time and space distribution. In the outbreak period and high-risk areas, users prefer to sharing information offline while self-use, and the level of health awareness changes is relatively high. In the duration period and low and medium risk areas, users prefer to share online while self-use, and the level of health awareness changes is relatively low. Although the single using way of information and emotional perception do not show significant differences in time and space distribution, the single using way of information spatiotemporal coupling characteristics are still reflected in descriptive data. The search process of college students’ health information shows normalized features such as users’ habitual use of mobile devices as information sources and preference information encounters. This research reveals the spatiotemporal contextual characteristics of health information search behaviors in emergencies, which helps the information service department in-depth grasp the law of information behavior changes in different periods and regions of public health emergencies and improve accurate information services level.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-09-10
Abstract： Remote associates test (RAT) and its variant Compound RAT (CRAT) are the most commonly used experimental materials to reveal the neural mechanism of convergent thinking and insight, as well as to measure individual creative potential. Compared with CRAT, RAT is more suitable for cross-cultural research. However, at present, there is a lack of equivalent Chinese RAT materials. Based on the classical hierarchical theory of association and the association characteristics in Chinese context, 80 items of Chinese word RAT (CWRAT) were developed. In addition, gradient scoring models were employed to assess responses. A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was conducted on the 80 items using the associative way as the classification indicator. The aim was to explore the impact of the classification results on various indicators of the items, such as insight level. Validity test showed that CWRAT was significantly correlated with creative analogy, creative achievement and openness. Based on the statistical indicators from LCA, CWRAT was classified into three categories, and found that the C1 and C3, characterized by a high probability of symbolic/metaphorical ways, exhibited higher levels of insight compared to the C2, which was characterized by a high probability of feature-based ways. Additionally, the C2 showed higher pass rate compared to the C3 and lower reaction time. This measurement enriches the existing Chinese creativity measurement tools and provides new materials for cross-cultural comparison of creativity.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-27 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Based on the study of learning acuity, this paper explores the problems associated with the unfamiliar new situation of the intelligence service, which rapidly improves the self-quality and potential ability and thus effectively competes the new job, to provide reference for smart service development. [Method/process] By collecting 189 questionnaires from domestic "Double First-rate" colleges and universities, this paper attempts to analyze the key components of learning agility based on smart service, and its relationship with service innovation willingness and service effectiveness, which uses the method of structural equation. [Result/conclusion] Results suggest that: (1) In the context of intelligent service, the learning acuity of a librarian is composed of four key factors, such as Self-Insight(SI), Interpersonal Acumen(IA), Change Alacrity(CA) and Environmental Mindfulness(EM). (2) These factors have a significant positive correlation to service innovation intention and service effectiveness. (3) The service innovation intention has a significant positive correlation to service effectiveness. Finally, this paper makes a thorough discussion on the management of library and information services, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper attempts to explore the bounded rationality characteristics of information searching based on the prospect theory.[Method/process] The questionnaire survey was used to test and verify the reference dependency, the risk preference reversal, the loss elusion and risk elusion, the framing effect of users' information searching behavior.[Result/conclusion] The results show that users' information searching behavior conforms to the prospect theory characteristics:there is reference dependency when users search information; users are risk seeking in gain and risk aversion in loss; the pain induced by delay is greater than the happiness induced by finishing tasks ahead of schedule, and with the deviation from references, users' marginal experience is decreasing with diminishing sensitivity; the framing effect is also obvious. The study provides sound experimental evidence that the interpretation and the prediction of the users' information searching behavior are accurate based on the prospect theory.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] From the perspective of knowledge topics, this paper try to solve the problems of overlaps and "information island" between courses in the existing curriculum system design and teaching by establishing a comprehensive curriculum knowledge system. Thus, the professional knowledge services can be carried out effectively.[Method/process] This study takes the main courses of clinical medicine as the research object, based on medical thesis vocabulary, electronic textbooks, electronic lesson plans and other medical education data, through the LDA model to deeply explore the knowledge topics in courses, and then using the correlation analysis method to reveal the fine-grained relationship between courses, knowledge topics and the courses and knowledge topics. Thus, a clinical medical course-knowledge topic graph is constructed.[Result/conclusion] The study constructs domain knowledge graph from the perspective of professional curriculum system and knowledge subject. The results will help teaching managers, teachers and students master the professional knowledge system, and carry out knowledge-oriented teaching activities. Furthermore, It can promote the development of knowledge organization and services in the medical field and the development of smart medical education.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Online health care community is an emerging online platform for doctors and patients to communicate, of which the payment consulting service is an important module to attract users and make profits. To understand the information needs and influencing factors of patients' choosing behavior in paying consultation, is helpful to improve the service of doctors and enhance the vitality of the community.[Method/process] Based on the theory of consumer trust and the theory of consumer perception, as well as considering the effect of price and herd psychology, this study established the model of influencing the behaviors of patients' choices in the community. And a regression analysis of good doctor online website data was made.[Result/conclusion] Online comments for doctors, service quality, contribution value, external attention and price is verified. And there is a difference between the traditional line selection and traditional medicine. The results can provide reference for doctors to improve their services and for communities to promote income.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-07-03 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
CHEN Jing
ZOU Tao
ZHAO Danqing
XIAO Ziwen
WU Xianqing
Chinese Medical Association Psychosomatic Medicine Branch Perinatal Mental Disorders Collaborative Group
Abstract： Perinatal mental disorders are one of the most common disorders during pregnancy and may lead to adverse maternal and offspring outcomes. There is an increasing number of women currently at risk for emotional problems such as anxiety and depression during pregnancy and childbirth，and women with previous mental disorders are also at risk of relapse during pregnancy. At the same time，the lack of clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of perinatal mental disorders has made the work of clinicians even more challenging. The expert writing group integrated the latest medical evidence and clinical practice in related fields at home and abroad to form the expert consensus，consisting of the epidemiology and pathogenesis，clinical manifestations，clinical evaluation，diagnosis，treatment and management of perinatal mental disorders，which can provide reference and guidance for practical clinical work. The consensus advocates comprehensive，whole-process，hierarchical，multidisciplinary and collaborative diagnosis and treatment，to help frontline clinicians screen，rationally assess and clinically diagnose perinatal pregnant women as soon as possible，as well as provide necessary psychological interventions and clinical medication for them.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-04-26
Abstract： Humans are extremely social beings, and we attempt to repair our ruptured relationships when transgressions occur that damage interpersonal cooperation. The expression of guilt andremorse by the transgressor and the forgiveness by the victim are both vital to the repair process. To some extent, transgressors’ remorse is the most prominent elicitor of victims’ forgiveness. Previous studies have demonstrated that forgiveness emerges as early as 5 years old and that young children are capable of forgiving a remorseful transgressor even in the absence of anexplicit apology. Given the emphasis on relationship harmony among Chinese people in a collectivistic culture, parenting and socialization might help children understand peers’ remorse intentions and forgive them at a much earlier age. Furthermore, the high need for personal reputation and social image in peer interactions, which is called “face” (mianzi) by the Chinese, might lead to individuals’ forgiveness decisions being influenced by bystanders who witness or participate in group interactions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether 4- or 5-year- olds could have the capacity to infer an apology from displays of transgressors’ remorse in order to reveal the influence of remorse on forgiveness and further explore the activation effect of different types of bystanders among the association between remorse and forgiveness. Study 1 was a one-factor (expression of remorse: remorse vs. no remorse) within-subject design. Forty-nine children aged 4 to 5 years (27 girls) were investigated by a classic paradigmof remorse and forgiveness. The “tear picture” game was used to create conditions of expressingremorse and not expressing remorse. Then, children were asked ten questions designed to assess whether they understood the true intention of remorse. Finally, the resource distribution task was used to assess forgiveness behavior. In Study 2, a total of 139 4- to 5-year-old children (80 girls) were recruited to participate in a 2 (expressions of remorse: remorse vs. no remorse) × 4 (types of bystander: no bystander vs. teacher vs. good friend vs. stranger) mixed experimental design. The procedure used in Study 2 was identical to that used in Study 1. The results showed that: In Study 1, both 4-year-old children and 5-year-old children trulyunderstood the intention of the expression of remorse, and they were much more forgiving of a remorseful transgressor than of a transgressor who had not shown remorse. In Study 2, althoughchildren were still more forgiving of a remorseful transgressor than an unremorseful transgressor in the presence of bystanders, bystanders significantly increased the level of forgiveness showntoward unremorseful transgressor and reduced the level of forgiveness for remorseful transgressor. Specifically, for remorseful transgressor, child victims were more forgiving of a transgressor while in the presence of strangers than while in the presence of teachers or good friends; however, for unremorseful transgressor, child victims who were being observed by teachers or good friends showed more forgiveness behavior than did victims who were being observed by stranger bystanders. Furthermore, the results showed that young children were more likely to equallydistribute flowers to remorseful and unremorseful transgressor in the presence of bystanders, especially teachers or good friends. This study successfully revealed that young Chinese children could accurately understand the intention of transgressors’ remorse and thus be willing to perform forgiveness behavior at age 4, which is exactly 1 year earlier than their counterparts in the Western sample. More importantly, we also present a new theoretical hypothesis, namely, the “bystander-activation effect of social expectations”, to propose that the presence of bystanders activates individuals’ socially desirable behaviors, such as “requite injury with kindness” and “egalitarianism”, in the Chinese collectivist culture. Thus, it is easier to understand why bystander onlooking could increase the level of forgiveness for unremorseful transgressor and cause young victims to distribute flowers toremorseful and unremorseful transgressor equally. Furthermore, the greater the authoritative or intimate level of bystanders is, such as teachers or good friends, the stronger the activated social expectations are and the more socially desirable the engaged-in behaviors are. This study provides important enlightenment for understanding the association between remorse and forgiveness andfor rethinking the cross-cultural differences in children’s socialization.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] To further improve the theory of information needs, and optimize network health information service, this paper analyzed the motivation and topic of college students' health information needs in public health emergencies. [Method/process] In this paper, public health emergencies within the scope of China in early 2020 were taken as the context and self-reported information needs of search users were taken as the analysis object. This paper adopted the method of content analysis, open coding and association rules to analyze distribution, evolution and correlation. [Result/conclusion] The study found that college students' health information needs in public health emergencies are balanced by individual and social motivation; the study found that the topic of health information needs in public health emergencies focused on epidemic situation and trend, disease prevention, etiology pathology and diagnosis, government behavior and social phenomena; with the evolution of public health emergencies, the focus topics of health information needs changes steadily; the motivation and topics are significantly correlated; epidemic situation and trend, social phenomena and government behavior are driven by social motivation, while individual motivation mainly drives disease prevention, etiology, pathology and diagnosis.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] To solve the problem that the identification effect of the target domain information is difficult to improve because of not enough samples, we will transfer the results of unsupervised learning from big data to the feature space of the target domain. [Method/process] Used the RoBERTa model, which was pre-trained with Chinese Wikipedia and other data, for transfer learning. After mapping the learning results to the target domain, DPCNN was used to aggregate and condense it, and then fine-tuned the model with part of the labeled data to complete the accurate recognition of domain information. [Result/conclusion] Compared with the model without transfer learning and the classic model TextCNN in 10 fields, the model in this paper is much better than the comparison models. After average, the precision is increased by 4.15% and 3.43%, the recall is increased by 4.55% and 3.44%, and the F1 score is increased by 4.52% and 3.44%. It shows that knowledge transfer using big data can effectively improve the information recognition effect in the target field.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) labels provide two types of information about food, calorie amounts and the amount of physical activity required to burn off the calorie. PACE labels are considered as an effective strategy to tackle the increasingly serious obesity problem. This paper summarizes the evidence of PACE labels in promoting healthy behaviors, and shows that PACE labels can effectively reduce energy selected and consumed by consumers in both laboratory and field experiments, while increasing exercise intention and actual exercise behaviors. Further, the cognitive mechanism of PACE labels is integrated into a single model, which includes two pathways: PACE labels-mental simulation-emotion-behavior pathway and PACE labels-mental simulation-health goal-behavior pathway. The model is proposed in order to provide a theoretical reference for its theoretical development and practical application.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Aggressive behavior plays an important role in the social, emotional and psychological adjustment of children and adolescents. Children and adolescents with aggressive behavior are prone to violate social moral norms, and even commit crimes in serious cases. It is noted that peer victimization is an important predictor of aggressive behavior. Peer victimization refers to that individuals have experienced attacks by peers, such as physical and verbal victimization, attacks on property and social manipulation. Children and adolescents who have been victimized by peers will characterize the attacker as hostility, which will be generalized to the whole peer group, thus showing more aggressive behavior in future interpersonal communication. Several previous studies have examined the relationship between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. However, due to differences in research design and inconsistent results, there is still some uncertainty about the relationship between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents, and the moderating effect on this relationship is not fully clear. Therefore, the present study employed a three-level meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize the results of original literatures to obtain reliable estimates of effect sizes and examined a range of moderators (sample, publication, study design, outcome, and assessment characteristics). Through the retrieval of articles published before October 2020, the current meta-analysis identified 40 studies, with 25,605 participants (range of mean age: 6 ~ 19 years) and 333 independent effect sizes. The funnel plot and Egger's test results suggested an absence of publication bias in current meta-analysis. Analysis revealed a significant positive association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents (r = 0.295, p < 0.001), implying that children and adolescents showed a higher level of aggressive behavior when they experienced higher level of peer victimization. In addition, the present study found a significant moderating effect of peer victimization variable. Compared with physical victimization (r = 0.219, p = 0.005), the association between relational victimization (r = 0.298, p = 0.005) and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was stronger. Moreover, the overall association was influenced by region. Aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was more strongly associated with peer victimization in Asia (r = 0.351, p = 0.006) than in South America (r = 0.149, p = 0.006). Study design was also a significant moderator. The association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was smaller in longitudinal (r = 0.234, p = 0.014) than in cross-sectional studies (r = 0.339, p = 0.014). Finally, the moderator analyses also showed that the informant of peer victimization was a significant moderator. The strength of the association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was significantly stronger when peer victimization was reported by teachers (r = 0.476, p = 0.023) than by peers (r = 0.290, p = 0.023). In addition, the present study found that the overall association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents did not differ in strength across gender, age, publication, variable and informant of aggressive behavior. Moreover, to eliminate the multicollinearity between moderators, the current study built a multivariate model by including all significant moderators that had been identified in the bivariate models. The result indicated that at least one of the regression coefficients of moderators significantly deviates from zero (F (12, 316) = 3.973, p < 0.001). In sum, the results of the current meta-analysis contribute to a better understanding of the association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. These results also provide a reference for future empirical studies on explaining aggressive behavior in children and adolescents.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Future thinking is an important process to psychologically simulate one’s perception of their future. It plays a crucial role in the recovery, persistence and recurrence of depression. Many studies have examined future thinking in depression and found that future thinking is disrupted in depression and is mainly manifested as weakened positive expectations and increased negative expectations for the future. However, the results of the existing studies have not been consistent, which may be due to the fact that ‘self’ in the future events have not been considered in previous research. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to investigate whether the abnormalities of future thinking in non-clinical depression can be modulated by the self in relation to the relevance of personal goals. For this purpose, the present study focused on comparing four different kinds of future events: future positive events either related or unrelated to personal goals, and future negative events either related or unrelated to personal goals. In Experiment 1, the future thinking task (FTT) was utilized; 23 non-clinical depressive subjects (whose BDI score was higher than or equal to 14) and 25 non-depressive subjects (whose BDI score was not higher than 4) were enrolled. The subjects were required to think about positive and negative future events that could happen to them in the next ten years, either related to or unrelated to their personal goals. After the FTT task, the subjects were asked to evaluate the likelihood that the events would occur to them in the future based on a 50-point Likert scale (1: not at all likely to occur, 50: extremely likely to occur). In Experiment 2, the likelihood estimation measure (LEM) paradigm was used, in which the four types of events were produced according to the interview with the participants before the formal experiment, and the subjects were instructed to evaluate the likelihood that the given events would occur to them in the future based on a 50-point Likert scale as in Experiment 1.Results of Experiment 1: The results of Experiment 1 showed that the depressive group imagined fewer positive events related to personal goals compared with the non-depressive group. In contrast, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the imagination of the other three types of events. Additionally, the depressive group (in contrast to the non-depressive group) considered that the positive events related to personal goals were less likely to happen to them, whereas negative events related to personal events were more likely to happen to them. This difference was restricted to events related to personal goals, as we did not observe a significant difference between the two groups in evaluating the likelihood of positive and negative events that were unrelated to personal goals. Results of Experiment 2: The results of Experiment 2 showed that the depressive group (in contrast to the non-depressive group) perceived the personal goal-related positive events to be less likely to occur to them. When assessing the likelihood of the negative events presented, the depression group (as opposed to the non-depression group) considered these events to be more likely to happen to them, whether the events were related to the personal goals or not.Taken together, the results of the current study demonstrated that (1) the abnormality in future thinking of positive events in non-clinical depressive individuals appears to be modulated by the relevance of the personal goals, and (2) the non-clinical depressive individuals showed an abnormal increased in future expectancy of negative events, regardless of whether personal goals were involved. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a deficit in the future thinking of positive events specifically related to personal goals in non-clinical depression. Our study thus shows that the relevance of personal goals is an important factor when investigating future thinking in depression.
submitted time 2023-03-20 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) labels provide two types of information about food, calorie amounts and the amount of physical activity required to burn off the calorie. PACE labels are considered as an effective strategy to tackle the increasingly serious obesity problem. This paper summarizes the evidence of PACE labels in promoting healthy behaviors, and shows that PACE labels can effectively reduce energy selected and consumed by consumers in both laboratory and field experiments, while increasing exercise intention and actual exercise behaviors. Further, the cognitive mechanism of PACE labels is integrated into a single model, which includes two pathways: PACE labels-mental simulation-emotion-behavior pathway and PACE labels-mental simulation-health goal-behavior pathway. The model is proposed in order to provide a theoretical reference for its theoretical development and practical application.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract： With the development of additive manufacturing technology of metal, laser solid forming (LSF) has become an important fabricating method for high performance and complex Inconel 718 alloy components. However, there still exist a certain microsegregation and a large uneven distribution of residual stress in as-deposited Inconel 718 alloy due to rapid heating and cooling in LSF. Heat treatment is a necessary method for further improving the microstructure and mechanical properties. In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of LSFed Inconel 718 alloy heat treated with high temperature solution, d phase aging and double aging treatment was investigated, the dislocation configuration of heat treated LSFed Inconel 718 alloy was characterized. It is found that the recrystallization occurs after the heat treatment, which leads to the transition from the columnar grain in the as-deposited to the equiaxed grain. Laves phase is dissolved completely after the heat treatment, and the needle d phase and the g″ phase precipitate along the grain boundary and in the g phase matrix, respectively. The strength, elongation and reduction of area of the heat treated Inconel 718 alloy satisfy the wrought standards. There are two kinds of interactions between the dislocation and the g″ phase, the shearing mechanism and the Orowan bypass mechanism, which play the dominant role corresponding to the lower and the higher distribution density of g″ phase, respectively. Additionally, the dislocations pile up at the d phase owing to the larger size of the d phase in the heat treated Inconel 718 alloy compared with that in the wrought. The dislocation glide can be also hindered by carbide due to the pinning and drag effect.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-02-15
Abstract：
Physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) label provides two types of information about food, calorie amounts and the amount of physical activity required to burn off the calorie. PACE label is considered as an effective strategy to tackle the increasingly serious obesity problem. PACE labels can effectively reduce energy selected and consumed by consumers in both laboratory and field experiments, and at the same time increase individuals’ exercise intention and actual exercise behaviors. In summary, PACE labels can promote healthy behaviors. The cognitive mechanism of PACE labels is integrated into a single model, which includes two pathways: the PACE label-mental simulation-emotion-behavior pathway and the PACE label-mental simulation-health goal-behavior pathway. Future research can further explore the applicable groups and applicable conditions of the two pathways, the possible negative impact of the PACE label, and the integration of different dietary interventions to help consumers form sustainable healthy eating habits and exercise habits.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2021-11-06
Abstract： Aggressive behavior plays an important role in social, emotional and psychological adjustment of children and adolescents. It is noted that peer victimization is an important predictor of aggressive behavior. Although several previous studies have examined the relationship between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents, the moderating effect on this relationship is not fully clear. Therefore, the present study employed a three-level meta-analysis to obtain reliable estimates of effect sizes and examined a range of moderators. Through the retrieval of articles published before October 2020, the current meta-analysis identified 40 studies, with 25605 participants and 333 independent effect sizes. Analysis revealed a significant positive association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents. In addition, the present study found a significant moderating effect of peer victimization variable. Compared with physical victimization, the association between relational victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was stronger. Moreover, the overall association was influenced by region. Aggressive behavior was more strongly associated with peer victimization in Asia than in South America. Study design was also a significant moderator. The association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was smaller in longitudinal than in cross-sectional studies. Finally, the moderator analyses also showed that the informant of peer victimization was a significant moderator. The strength of the association between peer victimization and aggressive behavior in children and adolescents was significantly stronger when peer victimization was reported by teachers than by peers. The results of the current meta-analysis indicated that people should pay attention to the influence of peer victimization in children and adolescents when preventing and controlling their aggressive behavior.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2021-11-05
Abstract： Motor learning by analogy is based on the principle that a simple biomechanical metaphor that makes motor behaviour easier to understand by integrating the complex rule structure of motor skills. In the process of motor skill learning, performance in response to instructions presented as an analogy is more robust under pressure, distracting situations and high-complexity decision-making conditions. However, the effect of analogy learning is affected by an individual’s motor level, the instruction content and an individual’s cognitive factors. This review contends that previous studies may have exaggerated the effect of working memory in analogy learning and proposes the attention focus-reinvestment-working memory model of motor skill learning by analogy in which attention focus, reinvestment and working memory jointly affect the improved performance in analogy learning. Further research can be carried out to balance the number of instructions, change the method of instruction provision, standardize the compilation and evaluation of instructions, focus on the selection of exercise tasks and elucidate the neural mechanism of analogy learning. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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