Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper studies the value and significance of library professional ability in human knowledge activities from the perspective of background frame construction of human information, knowledge and intelligent. [Method/process] At first, this paper investigated the function effects of professional capabilities on the background frame construction of document information, and these professional capabilities including literature retrieval languages, catalog indexes and abstract overviews from professional activities. Then, it analyzed the relationship of knowledge background frame construction and library professional capabilities in digital library era that including knowledge organization, knowledge association and knowledge service. Finally, the paper discussed intelligent background frame construction in the post-digital library era and it's expectation towards the development of library vocational ability. [Result/conclusion] Research shows that library vocational ability changes continuously with the development of library function,and the core content of library professional capabilities and the conversion process of information-knowledge-intelligent are interlocked. Besides, the above findings play an active role in modeling, guiding and exploring the construction of these "three frames".
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2017-03-09
Abstract：摘要：无论是热机，还是热电直接转换装置都必需有一个冷源,如果热能能够自组织成电能就可以打破这摘要：无论是热机，还是热电直接转换装置都必需有一个冷源,如果热能能够自组织成电能就可以打破这一常规。研究发现固体发射极的表面势垒通过耗散被发射电子的动能产生一个负熵流，固体发射极的热电子发射是一个耗散结构，固体发射极失去电子呈正电性而外界得到电子呈负电性从而自组织成宏观上有序的电偶层。为了将这一电偶层的电场能量释放到电路中，本文以固体发射极为热电子发射极同时以不存在表面势垒的不发射电子的金属熔融液为集电极；构建发射极和集电极处于同一温度的热电子能量转换实验装置；实验结果有稳定的电压和电流输出，实现了基于自组织现象的无需冷源的热电直接转换新方式，这一装置对高效、简洁、安全的实施热电直接转换有广阔的应用前景。
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：有线电视是人们生活中休闲娱乐必不可少的一种工具,现在人们对有线电视的要求也越来越高,但是在我国的一些地区,有线电视网络机房的建设却十分落后,已经无法满足人们的需要。因此,有线电视网络机房的改造就成为一种必然的趋势,它要求广电行业的各大企业不断创新、不断探索,紧随科技发展的步伐,提升自身的竞争力,确保日常的任务顺利完成。本文从有线电视网络机房的发展和现状展开讨论,先总结了与有线电视网络机房有关的设置原则,然后结合实践经验,分析如今网络机房建设的不足之处,并且针对其中存在的问题提出相应的改进方案。
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：有线电视过往沿用有源设备,经常会面临雷击的侵扰,因此时刻呈现出安全性不高和维修消耗成本费用过多等弊端。相比之下,FTTH网络覆盖模式,主张沿用皮线光缆直接入户的途径进行有关用户覆盖,因为无源光网络的批量化布置,使得这类设备故障滋生率和维护成本费用同步持续缩减,值得日后予以全方位推广沿用。基于此,笔者决定在客观论证智能化技术和有线电视接入工程同步组织的现实意义、具体施工要点基础上,结合实际探讨发展智能化小区的具体措施,希望能够为相关施工与管理人员提供帮助。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Memory reorganization is a necessary step in creative problem-solving. Sleep boosts creative problem-solving by promoting memory reorganization. Studies have shown that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep mainly facilitates novel associations, which occur mainly in the neocortex, while non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep facilitates the abstraction of rules, the formation of relational memory, and the integration of memories, which occur mainly in the hippocampus. Although the effect of sleep on creative problem-solving has been documented in most studies, there are still studies that have not yielded positive results. For example, firstly, aging is often characterized by substantial changes in sleep architecture, which results in sleep can not significantly promote creative problem-solving in older adults. Secondly, when memories are reactivated during sleep, the effect of sleep on creative problem-solving are enhanced, compared to sleep without manipulating memories. Thirdly, when facing with thinking set, it is necessary to decompose problem elements into their constituent parts, and then actively reorganize them. Sleep does not support the process of decomposition, so it has no significant effect on the resolution of these problems. Several factors have been shown to moderate the effect of sleep on creative problem-solving; these include sleep structure changes, the manipulation of information processing during sleep, and task types. In the existing theoretical mechanisms, complementary learning systems model suggests that memory reorganization is caused by the transfer of information from the hippocampus to the neocortex. Events experienced during wakefulness are initially encoded in the hippocampus, which is a temporary store. During NREM sleep, memories newly encoded into the hippocampus are repeatedly reactivated and thereby become gradually redistributed to the long-term store (i.e., the neocortex). This hippocampal-neocortical dialogue leads to memory consolidation and reorganization. Spreading activation theory suggests that sleep boosts creative problem-solving most likely via spreading activation. Increased spreading activation during REM leads to a larger associative network being activated. This will expand the problem space and highlight novel connections. In addition, synaptic homeostasis hypothesis emphasizes that sleep may benefit memory reorganization by renormalizing synaptic strength to restore cellular homeostasis after net synaptic potentiation during waking. To be specific, synapses in overlapping memories get multiple activations during waking. The stronger the overlap, the more the synapses are activated. When the synapses shrink during sleep, the more activated synapses are likely to be retained, thus preserving overlapping memories and helping to extract the rules of the problem. Recently, some scholars integrated the above theories and proposed the BiOtA model. The model proposes that the iterative alternation between memory replay in REM and NREM boosts the formation of complex knowledge frameworks, and allows these frameworks to be restructured, thus facilitating creative problem-solving. The overlapping memory replay in NREM selectively strengthens shared memories, abstracts the information into the neocortex. In REM, memory representation learned during NREM period are replayed in the neocortex. Such overlapping memory replay in REM will provide a more compressed and thus more abstracted memory representation. Future studies should broaden the scope of research by transforming problem types. Problems frequently encountered in the real world are often much more complex and mainly ill structured. Ill-defined problems may appropriately capture real-world cognitive functioning, therefore they are more worth studying than well-defined problems. Moreover, efforts should be focused on emotional memory and the cross-modal transfer of memories during sleep to deepen the mechanism research. When the problem is difficult to solve, individuals may produce negative emotional memories of the problem, so that the problem-related memories are more strongly activated during sleep, triggering the priority reorganization of them, and thus promoting creative problem-solving. It is necessary to explore the role of emotional memory in the effect of sleep on creative problem-solving. In addition, in the current study, more attention has been paid to the effect of sleep on the reorganization of memory information in single modality. Information gleaned in one modality is potentially useful in other modalities, the cross-modal transfer can further boost creative problem-solving. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of sleep on cross-modal transfer to extend the existing mechanism.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract： Nano melamine phosphate (NMP) flame retardant was synthesized using melamine and phosphoric acid as reagents by means of a solvothermal method. The prepared NMP was then characterized by means of Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Effect of solvents, different kinds of surfactants (i.e. SDS, CTAB and NP), reaction temperature and time on the morphology of reaction product was investigated. It is found that the NMP can only be obtained by using benzene as a solvent. If distilled water and anhydrous ethanol were used as solvent, the particle size of the product is in micro scale. As reaction temperature or reaction time increases, the morphology of the products changes greatly. Moreover, types of surfactants have a great influence on the morphology of the products. Moreover, The polyethylene glycol toughened phenolic foam with addition of NMP exhibits a flexural strength 39% higher than that with addition of micro MP.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2021-02-01
Abstract： Sleep boosts creative problem-solving by promoting memory reorganization, which is the focus of this review. Studies have shown that rapid eye movement sleep mainly facilitates novel associations, while non-rapid eye movement sleep facilitates the abstraction of rules, the formation of relational memory, and the integration of memories. However, several factors have been shown to moderate the impact of sleep on creative problem-solving; these include sleep structure changes, the manipulation of information processing during sleep, and task types. In the existing theoretical mechanisms, the spreading activation model has gradually been replaced by the mechanisms at the systemic and cellular levels, including hippocampal-neocortex dialogue, synaptic plasticity, and the overlapping memory replay during sleep. Future studies should broaden the scope of research by transforming problem types. Moreover, efforts should be focused on emotional memory and the cross-modal transfer of memories during sleep to deepen the mechanism research. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] From the perspective of customer satisfaction, the university research projects that have been carried out by academic libraries are sorted, and the key factors and the impact of the project are identify by the Kano model, so that the library can reasonably allocate resources, and improve service quality.[Method/process] With the basic theory of Kano model, combined with 985 colleges and universities library research support services project classification, it classifies research support services projects by designing Kano questionnaire survey, statistical analysis of survey data and satisfaction analysis four steps.[Result/conclusion] Four levels of scientific research support service projects are proposed, which are basic projects, expansion projects, featured projects and non-differentiated projects, providing an analysis method and suggestion for the selection of scientific research support service projects for university libraries of different scales.
Subjects: Physics >> Interdisciplinary Physics and Related Areas of Science and Technology submitted time 2023-11-30
Abstract： Based on the energy conversion of the dynamic electric effect from the solid/liquid contact double
electric layer is the dynamic electromotive potential, this paper studies the static appearance and the release of
the electric field energy of the solid/liquid contact double electric layer, so a special capacitor (P/L/N capacitor) of
solid conductor P / polar liquid L / solid conductor N is constructed. The observations based on experiments are as
follows: (i) the contact double electric layer derived from the internal potential difference polarization of the solid
conductor / polar liquid is equivalent to the external electric field polarization of the ordinary capacitor. The
formation process of the contact double electric layer is the spontaneous charging process of the P/L/N capacitor,
and the P/ L/N capacitor still shows the electric field energy of the contact double electric layer. (ii) Because the
polarized external potential difference of the solid conductor / polar liquid contacting the double electric layer is
always less than the internal potential difference, the short-circuit P/L/N capacitor also has a continuous
electromotive force after the discharge, statically releasing the electric field energy contacting the double electric
layer. (iii) The contact double electric layer of solid conductor / polar liquid is produced spontaneously caused by
mutual contact, and it is also a self-organizing process of absorbing the environmental heat energy into the electric
field energy of the contact double electric layer. P/L/N capacitors realize thermoelectric conversion by releasing
the electric field energy of the contact double electric layer. The above-mentioned phenomenon provides the
possibility for the development of self-generated capacitors and self-supplied power supply.
Keywords: Solid conductor/polar liquid; contact with double electric layer; thermoelectric conversion,
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2022-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：本文基于水文观测和遥感监测数据，获取近60 a巴尔喀什湖面积、水位变化信息，重建湖泊水量变化时间序列，探明巴尔喀什湖水量变化特征；依据湖泊水量收入（入湖径流、降水）支出（湖面蒸发）建立巴尔喀什湖水量平衡模型，分析巴尔喀什湖水量平衡要素变化特征，定量解析气候变化和人类活动对巴湖水量变化的影响。结果表明：（1）19612020年，巴尔喀什湖水量以1987年为拐点先急剧减少后波动增加；入湖径流变化与湖泊水量变化过程基本一致，年均入湖径流量约为14.04 km3a-1；湖区降水以0.28 mma-1的速率波动增加；水体年均蒸发量约17.95km3a-1，其中，1987年最小为16.10 km3，2008年最高达20.30 km3。（2）过去60 a年，地下水与湖泊互为补充，其中20世纪70年代和80年代地下水补给湖泊水量较多，补给量约为1.91 km3。（3）在湖区尺度上，入湖流量与巴尔喀什湖水量显著相关，是影响湖泊水量变化的主导因素；在流域尺度上，气候波动对入湖流量长期变化的贡献率为71.67%，人类活动耗水的贡献率为28.33%；19701985年卡普恰盖水库蓄水及周边耕地扩张对入湖水量锐减的贡献率达47.47%，人类活动明显加剧了这一时期湖泊水位下降的进程。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：抵抗素是一种脂肪因子，被证明与胰岛素抵抗密切相关，但其作用机制尚不明确。近年研究表明抵抗素参与了肥胖有关的炎症进程，对胰岛素敏感组织（脂肪、肝脏）炎症状态起到重要调控作用。肥胖诱导的慢性低度炎症是导致机体胰岛素抵抗的重要因素，抵抗素通过对炎症的调控参与肥胖机体胰岛素抵抗的发生。本文主要从组织及分子层面探讨抵抗素诱导胰岛素抵抗的炎症机制，为进一步了解抵抗素在肥胖相关疾病病理机制中的作用提供一些思路。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] With the purpose of providing guidance for the establishment of corresponding library service strategy and service system, this paper made an investigation into the makers' knowledge demand.[Method/process] Based on the grounded theory, the authors obtained the data by the questionnaire, the field trips, the non-interventionist tracking observation and the in-depth interviews, and analyzed the data by SPSS and NVivo. In the end, this paper constructed the conceptual model of the makers' knowledge demand based on the analytical data results.[Result/conclusion] This paper finds that the motivation of maker's knowledge demand is driven by interest and competition, the characteristics of the maker's knowledge demand include active learning, preference for "informal learning", divergent thinking characteristics, close correlation with community needs, and cross-integration of multi-disciplinary knowledge, and the content of maker knowledge demand includes principle knowledge, experiential knowledge and knowledge situation. According to the findings, this paper puts forward the macro development strategy of serving the makers.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-05-02 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： This paper investigated an energy-efficient optimization of massive MIMO systems with energy harvesting. The power beacon’s transmit power and energy harvesting time were jointly optimized to maximize the energy efficiency of the uplink massive MIMO systems under the quality of service (QoS) , the power beacon’s transmit power and energy harvesting time constraints. Because the problem was the non-convex optimization problem, it was first transformed to the equivalent optimization problem by fractional programming theory. Then, an energy-efficient power and time allocation algorithm (EPTA) was proposed based on the block coordinate descent (BCD) method to find the power of the power beacon, energy harvesting time and energy efficiency of the system iteratively. Compared with time averaged minimum QoS guaranteed algorithm (TA-QoSA) and throughput maximization based power and time algorithm (TPTA) , the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the energy efficiency of the system under the guarantee of user’s QoS.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-06-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Mental illness usually involves a range of cognitive，behavioral，and affective symptoms associated with impaired occupational or social functioning. Duration of untreated psychosis（DUP） is considered as an important predictor and independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with mental disorders，a longer DUP is associated with poor prognosis. Meanwhile，early intervention measures to shorten DUP have gradually attracted increasing attention from both domestic and international researchers. In this paper，the related studies on DUP were reviewed and analyzed，the concept，measurement tools，neurobiological mechanisms of DUP，the relationship between DUP and prognosis，and early intervention measures to shorten DUP were described，in order to provide ideas and reference for developing clinical intervention strategies for DUP.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2018-05-15 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：针对2m环形太阳望远镜主镜轴向支撑设计需求和指标，研制了一种基于波纹管的气压式力促动器，开展了全面实验测试。该气压式力促动器采用可伸缩高强度高弹性金属波纹管作为核心器件，采用线性轴承作为导向机构，并集成单向压力传感器作为力反馈元件，同时在设计中考虑了安装调整工艺便捷性。经测试，该气压式力促动器单向输出力达200N，输入气压与输出力线性度误差小于2%，力分辨率小于0.23N，闭环力精度优于±0.3N。测试结果验证了该气压式力促动器原理和结构简单，安装维护工艺良好，达到了设计指标，可满足2m环形太阳望远镜主镜轴向支撑的需求。研制工作为气压式力促动器的设计细节改进及主镜支撑系统的工艺优化奠定了基础，并可为其它精密光学镜面支撑系统的工程应用提供参考。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2022-10-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Objective Cognitive interview was used to adjust the items of the help seeking Motivation Scale for schizophrenic patients. Methods A purposive sampling method was used to select 30 patients who attended a tertiary care psychiatric hospital in Daqing City from December 2021 to January 2022 as interviewees, and three rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted. Two researchers independently coded the interview data using the QAS-99 Question Assessment System, and after the coding results were collated, the scale entries were adjusted by integrating respondent feedback and expert panel comments. Results The results of the 1st round of interviews showed that 10 entries had vague and unclear sentences, which were revised after discussion. The results of the 2nd round of interviews showed that 1 entry was assumed to be inappropriate and was revised after discussion. The results of the 3rd round of interviews showed that the respondents were able to understand the entries correctly. Conclusion The cognitive interview effectively solved the problem of understanding differences and measurement errors in the development of the Schizophrenia Help-seeking Motivation Scale, thus improving the accuracy and applicability of the scale.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract： Using ethylenediamine functionalized graphene (GS-EDA) as nano-filler and maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE- g- MAH) as toughening agent, the PP/POE-g- MAH/GS- EDA nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending method. The morphology and properties of nano-filler and the prepared nanocomposites were characterized in detail by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties, thermal deformation temperature and melt flow rate tests. The results indicated that EDA was successfully grafted onto GS. The reactions between the GS-EDA and POE-g-MAH could improve effectively the interfacial compatibility of blending systems and the dispersion of GS- EDA in the matrix. The tensile strength, elastic modulus and impact strength of the nanocomposites with 0.5 mass% GS-EDA increased by 25.2%, 32.5% and 26.9% respectively in comparison with those of PP/POE-g-MAH without GS-EDA. The comprehensive mechanical performance could also be acquired for the PP/POE-g-MAH/GS-EDA nanocomposite with 0.5 mass% GSEDA. The crystalline temperature, melting temperature and the degree of crystalline of the PP/POE-g-MAH/GS-EDA composites increased due to the GS-EDA incorporation. The thermal stability of all the PP/POE-g-MAH/GS-EDA composites is improved, while the melt flow rate decreased gradually, with the addition of GS-EDA.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2018-11-19 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 以环形太阳望远镜为应用背景，研制了一种基于步进电机的位移促动器，并进行 了性能实验测试，获得了该位移促动器的性能指标。分析了常见的大行程高精度位移促动器 的结构形式，选择位移缩放式作为位移促动器的基本结构。该位移促动器采用步进电机集成 行星减速器作为驱动元件，以具有特殊消间隙结构的螺旋传动作为位移缩放机构，为实现高 分辨率、高刚度和高精度的位移促动器的设计。开展了位移促动器的性能实验测试，结果表 明：该位移促动器轴向位移量程为±2mm，不同负载下均能实现 1μm 步长分辨率，位移闭环 输出精度优于 1μm。研制的位移促动器为环形太阳望远镜的建设提供重要的技术支持，并 可为其它精密光学镜面支撑系统的工程应用提供参考。
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：为探究不同新型肥料对贵州省酸性黄壤小白菜产量、品质、光合特性及肥料利用的影响, 同时筛选出适合贵州黄壤施用的新型肥料产品, 以贵州酸性黄壤为基础, 通过盆栽试验设置对照(CK, 不施氮肥)、西洋 复合肥(常规施肥)、保水型功能性肥和稳定性缓释肥4 个处理, 研究了新型肥料对小白菜产量、品质、光合特性以及养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明: 施用保水型功能性肥和稳定性缓释肥可显著增加小白菜播种后34 d的生物量, 较常规施肥处理相比鲜重分别增加4.16%和22.28%, 干重分别增加41.55%和62.35%; 施用新型肥料还可以改善小白菜的营养品质, 与常规施肥处理相比, 保水型功能性肥可显著降低硝酸盐含量18.61%, 而还原性糖、Vc 和游离氨基酸含量分别增加25.74%、130.95%和16.91%; 而稳定性缓释肥则使硝酸盐、还原糖和Vc 含量分别提高26.68%、15.35%和50.00%, 但是游离氨基酸含量则较常规施肥相比降低14.43%; 而且新型肥料还增强了小白菜叶片的光合能力(净光合速率Pn、气孔导度gs、胞间CO2 浓度Ci 以及蒸腾速率Tr), 其中以稳定性缓释肥处理的小白菜光合能力最佳, 且气孔因素是导致净光合速率增加的主要原因。施用新型肥料小白菜对氮素的吸收显著增加, 氮肥利用效率显著提高, 新型肥料处理的氮肥农学效率(AEN)、偏生产力(PFPN)、生理利用率(PEN)和表观利用率(REN)平均分别为48.30 kg·kg1、59.85 kg·kg1、95.46 kg·kg1 和52.79%,以稳定性缓释肥处理的氮肥利用效率最佳, 尤其是氮肥表观利用率达66.66%。此外, 相关性分析结果显示, 小白菜产量与叶片净光合速率Pn、气孔导度gs 以及蒸腾速率Tr 均呈显著正相关关系, 说明提高小白菜叶片的气体交换参数Pn、gs 和Tr 可以增加小白菜产量; 同时小白菜叶片氮含量与氮肥生理利用率和氮肥表观利用率存在极显著相关性, r 值分别为0.937 和0.978, 表明增加小白菜叶片氮含量可以提高小白菜对氮肥的利用效率。综上所述, 新型肥料对贵州酸性黄壤上小白菜的生物增产效应以及光合特性提高等效果显著, 可为将来在贵州农业生产中推广应用提供参考和理论依据。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：
Based on the satellite data, the water level and area information of Lake Issyk-Kul was extracted, and the water volume was reconstruct; combined with CRU meteorological data from 1960-2020, the temperature and precipitation observation data from 1960- 2000 at the Cholpon- Ata meteorological station and the water volume observation data into the lake, the lake water balance model was established to analyze the changing characteristics of each element of the water balance and to explore its influencing factors. The results indicated that: (1) Since 1960, the water volume of Issyk-Kul Lake has undergone a process of continuous decrease and fluctuating increase, with 1998 being the inflection point of the change; from the 1960s to the mid-1980s, the water volume into the lake decreased continuously mainly due to the influence of irrigation diversions, and then turned to an increasing trend after 1986 with the decrease of irrigation water and the increase of precipitation and glacial meltwater; precipitation in the lake area increased at a rate of 9.1 mm·(10a)-1 , and the evapotranspiration tends to increase significantly with increasing temperature and lake area. (2) Before the mid-1980s, Issyk-Kul had a negative water balance in most years, and groundwater continued to recharge the lake; since 1986, the water balance deficit of the lake gradually decreased, and since 1998, the positive balance has been dominated. (3) The interaction of water balance components such as runoff, precipitation and evaporation determines the changes in lake water volume, while climate change in the flow-producing areas and irrigation diversions in irrigation areas indirectly drive the changes in lake water volume by changing runoff; from 1960 to 1986, human activities, mainly irrigation diversions, were the dominant factor driving the changes in Issyk- Kul water volume, with a contribution of 71.6%, and since 1987 the cumulative contribution of climate change factors to changes in lake water volume exceeds 80%.
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